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FRIEND, 



OR, 



A GUIDE 



In tlie Care aocl treatment tjf Horses, Ctxttle, Hoj^s, 

Sheep and Hoiiltry, and a compilation of 

reel pes for tlie cure of their 

diseases. 



BY F. E. HUTV^PHREVS, D?^llms. Texhs. 




-^Ti^SH-. 



Copyrighted 1894, by F. E. Humphreys. 



PREFACE. 



In presenting this \V()rl< to the public, and particularly to the larniing class, the 
author would say that the observations and recipes are nearly all taken t'rom the con- 
tributions to the best Stock Journals, and from the highest medical authorities of the 
country, and are the results of years of observation and study. 

The author was for many years in the drug business, and daily, often hourly, 
had occasion to ])ut up or compound remedies for man and Ixuist. He therefore knows 
these remedies to be good for the diseases recommended. No farmer, in fact, no man, 
with only so much as a cow and chickens, should be without the iiiformati(ni here 
obtained and preserved in l)ook form. 

The book is ])rovided with a ]iretty full index, still you should read it all through 
so as to know its general scope; there are many recommendations not indexed. 

Many of the recipes are simple and you may simi)ly buy the articles and j)repare 
them yourself. I'ut on the (jther hand many must be put up by the druggist of expe 
rience. INIany of the recipes, those for external diseases in particular, contain very 
poisonous drugs; they should be labeled carefully and kept in a safe place. 

Of the leal value of this book you will learn oidy l»y experience. Very high 
prices have in many instances been paid for a single one of these re(Mpes. Here you 
get them all and much other valualile information for a reasonalde price. 

Lastly, 1 am a fiieiid to all dumb animals. Therefore I have tried to im])ress on 
you the necessity of care and kindness. If, \>y following these directions you save the 
trouble and expense of the medicines, it will be better for the animal and yourself. 

The man who is cross and brutal, careless and neglectful of his stock is apt to be 
so to his family and othei-s. He will never succeed. (Cultivate kindness, therefore, 
and your reward will be greater than money alone. 

The Author. 



q^ 



\\"^ 



INDEX. 



I'AGE 

HORSES— Cake of, Remeoies, Etc .J to 32 

Ago of, to tell 6 

Buy. liow to 5 

IJifj Jaw and Higlicad. reiiicdics 7 

Hots, how produced, to avoid & cure. S & !t 

Caliloniia Liuinicnt Hi 

Colic, cau.scs aud cui-c !) & 10 



Cracked Heels 

('oru.s, explanation and cure of 

Cribbiufj 

Canker in the Foot 

Catarrh 

Condition I'owder Tonic 11 & 

Condition J'owder, relaxin<;-, lor use 

in Scratches 

Condition Powder lor Stallion 

Chaff, to remove from the eye, (see 

under Cows) 

Curl) 

Drench, how to give 



18 
11 
18 
17 
17 



12 
13 

38 

18 
18 



Distemper in Horses and Colts \'A & 17 

Eye Water for liighead. Etc 13 

Eye Water for \N'eak Eyes and for 

Cattle 13 

Epizootic, i-emedy 11 

Farcy U» 

Fetters, how to make, aud for Bulls. 

Rams, Etc ;iS 

Food, amount for working horses and 

kind for old 31 

Foundered Horses 18 

Galled Shoulders M 

Glanders and (Jleet I'.t 

Grease Heel, to cure 26 & 27 

Horseman's Hope Liniment 24 

Heaves, or Wind-broken 14 

Hill's Liniment 15 

InHammation of the liladder, symp- 
toms and treatment 1.") j 

Intiammation of the Bowels 18 | 

Ivicking and Runaway, how to cure. . 30 

Lampers, or Lanii)as 19 

Liniments, Oils, Salves, Etc., eight f 1.1 to 17 

kinds ( and 25 

Mange Cure •. 20 

Toll Evil. Fistula, Etc 20 



PAGE 

HORSES—CoxTiNiEi). 

Tawing in Stable and cure for 21 

Physic or Turging in Scratches, Etc . 12 

Ring Bone, cui'c for 22 

Sore Tlii-oat 24 

Spavin and Thoroughpin 22 

' Splints. Ointment for 23 

Strangles 24 

Sweeney Cure 23 & 25 

Scratches, to avoid and cure 26 

Surfeit, and cure 27 

Thrush 29 

\\'arts, to cure; and on piirsons 28 

\N'ash for Scratches or Grease Heel . . 13 

W^orms 28 & 29 

Vicious Horses, to subdue and shoe. . 29 
White Feet and Spots on the Fore- 
head, how to produce and niatcli . 30 

CATTLE— Cows and Calves .32 to 38 

Big Jaw 7 

Calves, raising by hand 36 

Caked IJreasts 34 

Chafif, to remove from the eye 38 

Choked 34 

Coi)ulation, to prevent (see fetters). . 38 

Diarrho'a 35 

Drying olTCows aud other animals.. . 34 
Eye water for Cows and other animals 

(see under h()rses) 13 

Fardel 37 

Fetters 38 

Feeding, to increase flow ot milk .... 33 

Foot Rot in Cattle 37 

Fleshy Tumors, to cure 35 

Garget 37 

Hollow Horn 34 

Hoven or Bloat 35 

Itch, Mange 38 

Indigestion of Calves and Cows 36 

Kicking Cow, to prevent 36 

Lice, to remove 35 

Mange 38 

Milk Fever, to avoid 32 

Milk, to increase the flow 33 

Murrain 37 



IN DEX — CONTIXUED. 



PAGE 

CATTLE— CoXTixr ED. 

Oiutineiit for Swelled Bags and Teats 34 

Over-eating, what to do 36 

Ked Water 3S 

Scours, to cure 35 & 37 

Tuinoi-s 35 

Worms, Vermifuge for 35 

HOGS— ("AKE AXI) CiKES 38 to 40 

Cholera, to prevent 38 & 39 

Cholera, to cure 39 

Catarrh in Hogs 40 

Charcoal for fattening 39 

Diarrha>a, to cure 39 

Kidney Worm, Fluke in Sheep 40 

Lice, to destroy 40 

Scurvey, simple remedy 10 

Sows Eating Pigs, to cure of. 39 

Mange or Jtch, (see under Cattle). ... 38 

SHEEP — Cake of axd Remedies 40 to 45 

Breeding 45 

Can; of Sheej) in NN'inter 41 

Care, what it will do 42 

Copulation, to prevent (sec Fetters, 

under Cattle) 38 






page 
SHEEP— CoxTixiEU. 

Constipation 45 

Dogs vs. Sheep 42 

Foot-Rot, prevention and -cure 42 & 43 

Fluke, (see Kidney-worm, under Hogs) 40 

Jnk for marking 44 

Loss of Appetite 45 

Scab Remedy 44 

Scours 45 

Ticks, Dip, and how to use 43 

Wash, to keep from bai'king trees ... 44 

POT'LTHY— 45 to 50 

Average of Different Breeds as Layers 50 

Bumble Feet, to prevent 50 

Care of, Hemedies. Dust Baths, Water 

and Feed 45 & 46 

Cholera, successful remedies 47 & 48 

Egg Eating Hens, to cure 49 

Eggs, to keep 49 & 50 

Gapes, cause and cure 48 & 49 

Pip 49 & 50 

Houp, cause and cure 49 

Scabby Legs, to cure 49 

AVatci- Necessarv for 46 



HORSES. 



Just a few remarks on tlieir disposition: 1st. — Tlie horse is naturally gentle, 
docile, teachable, proud, timid and obedient. He has memory and a knowledge of the 
character of men. These (jualities vary in different l>reeds, l)ut they predominate, and 
the liorse handled gently and eari'(l for properly from his birth will show them all. 

1 have said the horse naturally has the above good i|ualilies, but you may so 
handle and educate him that he will show man_y bad qualities. "A balky man makes 
a balky hoi'se." A bad driver will make a l)ad horse. If you would have your liorse 
kind and gentle be itiiiformly kind and gentle to him. Never let a man cui-sc and 
scream at youi- horse or jerk the lines or Idt. Turn off a hand that won't show good 
judgment in the eare and numagement of 3'our horses. Don't let imi)atient or bad 
boys hantlle them. Study the horse and make his training and care next only to that 
of the human family, and you will have a noble aii<l useful animal. 

In the recipes following I have given none for '■Sti-ing-halt ," "Hoaring," 
''Whistling," "Thumps" and some other diseases which are incurable. Vou must not 
over drive, over heat, over feed horses, check them up too high, or give them must}', 
l)ad feed, and you will avoid these disagreeable things. If you founder a horse it is 
your own fault. If you neglect your horse Jiis appearance will, hear wit'tiesfi against you. 
■ In the compilation of the pages following, I have drawn largely from Dr. Chase, 
just as he did from otlnu's. .Many of these recipes were used long before he compiled 
them. I have also drawn from other sources that I knew to be good. Many are my 
own, though of course they differ little from what anyoiie who has studied the subject 
would write. 

How to Choose or Buy a Horse. 

The following siniple I'ules will be I'ound useful to all parties about to buy a 
horse: 

1. "Never take the seller's word: if dishonest, he will be sure to clieat you: if 
disposed to be fair, he may have been the dupe of another, and will deceive vou 
throvigh representations which (;annot be relied upon. 

'2. if you trust to a horse's mouth for his age, observe well the rules given below 
for that purpose. 

.">. Never buy a horse while in motion: watch him while he stands at rest, and 
you will discover his weak points. If sound he will stand squarely on liis limbs with- 
out moving any of them, the feet planted Hat on the ground, with legs plump and nat- 
urally poised. If one foot is thrown forward with the toe pointing to the ground and 
the heel raised, or if the foot is lifted from the ground and the weight taken from it, 
disease of tlie navicular bone may be suspected, or at least, tenderness, which is pre- 
cursoi- of disease, if the foot is thrown out, the toe raised and the heel brought down, 
the horse has suffered from laminitis, founder or fever of the feet, or the back sinews 
have been sprained and he is of little future value. When the feet are all drawn 
together beneath the horse, if there lias been no disease there is a misplacement of the 
limbs, at least, and a weak disposition of the muscles. If the horse stands with his feet 



— 6— 

spread out or straddles with tlie liind legs, there is weakness of the loins, and the kid- 
ney's are disordered. 

4. Never buv a horse with a Iduish or inilkish east in the eyes. They indicate 
a constitutional tendency to ophthalmia (soreness or weak eyes), moon blindness, etc. 

5. Never have anvthing to do with a horse which kee])s his ears thrown l)ack: 
it is an invariable indication ol' bad temper. 

(). If a iiorse"s hind legs are scarred the fact denotes that he is a kicker. 

7. If the knees are blemished the horse is apt to stumble. 

8. When the skin is harsh and rough, and does not move easily and smoothly 
to the touch, the horse is a heavy eater and his digestion is bad. 

!). Avoid a horse whose respiratory organs are at all impaired. If the ear is 
])laced at the side of the heart, and a wheezing sound is heard, it is an indication oi" 
troul)l('. Let him go." 

How to Judge the Age of a Horse. 

The following concise I'uh-s are from " Kendall's Treatise on the Horse," and arc 
generally correct. 

1. Eight to fourteen days aftei' birth the first middle nippers of the set of milk 
teeth are cut: four to six weeks afterward, the pair ne.xt to them, and finally, after six 
or eisiht months, the last. All these milk teeth have a well defined bodv, neck and 
shouhlcr fang, and on their front surface grooves or furrows, which disajjpear from the 
middle nippers at the end of one year: from the next pair in two years, and from the 
incisive teeth (cutters) in three years. 

'2. At the age of two tiie ni])pers become loose and fall out. In theii- places 
api)ear two permanent teeth with deep, back cavities and full, sharp edges. At the 
age of three the next paii" fall out. At four years old the corner teeth fall out. At live 
years old the horse has his permanent set of teeth. 

o. The teeth grow in length as the horse advances in years, but at the same 
time his teeth are worn away by use, alxuit one-tweifth of an inch every year, so that 
the back cavities of the nijipers below disap|icar in the sixth year: those of the next 
pair in the seventh year, and those of the corner teeth in the eighth year; also the 
outer corner teeth of the up[)er and lower jaws just meet at eight years of age. At nine 
years old. cups leave the two center nippers above, and each of the two upi)er corner 
teeth have a little sharp protrusion at the extreme outer corner. At the age of ten the 
cups disappear from the adjoining teeth: at the age of eleven the cups disai)[)ear from 
the corner teeth above, and are only indicated by brownish spots. 

4. The oval form becomes broader and changes, from the twe'fth to the six- 
teenth year, more and more into a triangular form, and teeth lose, finally, wMth the 
twentieth year, all regularity. There is nothing remaining in the teetii iliat can after- 
ward clearly show the age of the horse or justity the most experienced examiner in 
giving a positive opinion. 

5. The tushes or canine teeth, conical in shape, with a sharp point and curved, 
are cut between the third and fourth year, their points become more and more rounded 
until the ninth year, and after that more and more dull in tiie course of years, and lose, 
finally, all regular shape. .Mares have freiiuently no tusks, or only faintly indicated. 



i 



How to Deliver a Ball. Horse Pill.) 

Draw the liorse's tongue yciitly to the 'ight, hoUl it with your left luiiul, raise 
liis head, put tlie l)all ou tlie roots of the tongue with the right liand. tlien let tlie head 
down a litth'. I>())i't rah tlie. gullet. Give tlie horse a swallow of water or a little hay 
and the hall will go down. 

Bigr Jaw in Horses and Cattle and its Remedy. 

'i'he Live Stock Journal speaks of this disease as follows: "This is more pro{)- 
erly called 'dilation ofthejaw hones.' In horses it is sometimes called 'hig liend:' it 
is a l)ony tumor, in which the interior of the hone is al)sorl)ed, sometimes leaving a 
mere shell of hone divided into cells containing purulent or thick matter. This is sup- 
posed to he caused hy a detieiency of phosphate of lime in food, rendering the hones 
deficient in this most important element, and tlie following prescription is often given 
with good results: 

No. !, Phosphate Powder. 

Phos])hate of Lime (J o/,s. 

Powdei'ed (Jolden Seal . 2 ozs. 

Powdered Sassafras 3 o/.s. 

Powtlereil (dinger 2 ozs. 

Oatmeal 4 ozs. 

.Mix. This will 1)6 divided into l() parts, one given in the food every night. 

"This will have a tendency tf) restore the missing elements in the hone. And 
the general diet should he food rich in phosphates. ^'ou may get your phosphate of 
lime hy hoiling heef hones in lye of wood ashes, and al'tci' it is redn(;e(l line, wash with 
water and give a small (luantity daily in food. The first thing to do surgically is to 
open it ami let out any matter that it contains. Havi'ig removed tiie matter, inject the 
cavity with weak pyroligneijus acid or weak carlnilic acid. This will cleanse it and 
render healing possihle." 

Rkm.vkks. — I should prefer the pyroligneons acid to the carbolic, and one part of 
the acid to three of soft water would he weak enough to use at first; and afterwards one to 
two or even eijual parts, to speed its healing. Poth of these acids are disinfectants, i. e., 
remove had smells, as well as cleanse and h'-al, when used of proper strengths as al)ove. 

Big Head in a Colt, and the Remedy. 

"!>. P. .7.," of Uenzonia. Jjenzie County, Michigan, May 27th, 1880, wrote to the 
Post and Trihune, of Detroit, as to the contiition of his colt, as follows: 

"What ails the colt? in December I discovered a small lum|) or hunch coming 
on the left side of the face of my colt, halfway Ix-tween the eye and the nostril. This 
grew larger until about the size of a man's fist. I then opened it with a knife. 1 had 
been using Centaur liniment and iodine and it had softened a little. I had also used 
beef brine. Almost immediately another bunch began to grow below this or back of it, 
and now the side of the fa'-e is badly swollen and the colt is falling awav in fiesh. He 
is three years old this spi-in<r.'' 



To this their veterinariiui, H. W. Doiiey. of Jiu-kson. who had tliis departnieiit 
in charge, made the foUowim: answer: 

"Big head. Tlie disease is hicated on a line iietween tlie eye and the nostrih 
Its first appearance is a small Inmp on tlie side of tlu- head, which continues to enlarge 
until the whole side of the face hecomes swollen, it is on l)oth sides sometimes. If 
your colt is very valualde it will pay yon to try a cure, if not, get wliat you can for it 
and do not bother witli it. 

Remedy No. 1, 

Take white arsenic the size of a common field j)ea, or (i or S grs.: wi'ap it in fine 
paper as close as pcjssible, make an incision in the skin over the hard tumor, insert the 
arsenic or the paper containing it; take one stitch, tie the ends in a hard knot, bleed 
the horse and turn liim out. In a short time the horse will swell, and this will con- 
tinue until the efteets of tlie arsenic will l)e seen. .\ circular piece of skin and the 
porous bone will drop out, leaving a healthy sore, which may be healed by an ointment 
made of elder and bittersweet fried in lard, with 1 oz. of turpentine."" 

Rfm.ahks. — A good-sized handful of each of these herbs to A pound of lard, and 1 
oz. of turpentine put in when taken from the fire, would be about the right proportion, 
and it will make a very healing ointment for anv sore whatever. I now leave everyone 
to adopt the plan of treatment in their stock, horses or cattle, here given, according to 
their condition, each judging for himself which plan or medicines will be the best to 
meet their respective cases, being careful to look well to the general health in every 
case. In connection with the arsenic treatment given in this recipe, I shoulxi also use 
the Phosphate Powder, in tb.e next above, as it is both alterative and tonic. 

Bots in Horses. A New Remedy Worth Its Weight in Cold. 

The Department of Agriculture publishes the following e.xperiments. which a 
gentleman from Georgia tried and found eflective in dispelling this serious trouble in 
horses. He says: "About thirty years ago a tViend lost, by bots, a very fine horse. 
He took from the stomach of the dead horse about a gill of bots and brought them to 
my oth -e to experiment upon. He made preparations of every remedy he hesud of, and 
put some of them into each. .Most of them had no effect: a few affected them slightly: 
but stn/c tea more Ihnii nDt/lhinij else: that killed them in fifteen hours. 

He concluded that he would kill them l)y putting them in nitric acid, but it had 
!io more efi'ect on them than water: the tliird day they were as lively as when put in. 
A bunch of tansy was growing by my office. He t(jok a handful of that, l)ruised it. 
added a little water. s<|Ueezed out the juice and i)Ut some bots into it. They were dead 
in one minute ! Since then I have had it given to every horse affected. I have never 
known it to fail of giving entire relief. My friend had another horse att'ected with bots 
cured by this remedy. — GnuKje I'isitor, Sj)ringfield. ()., Nov. 1875. 

Rem.\rks. — 1 have had no op|)ortunity of testing this, but I give it, believing it 
reliable. Is it not possible that it was because tansy would kill worms, that tansy 
bitters were once so common and popular"' I l)elieve it was. 



No. I. For Bots. 

Drenching a horse witli sweeteiunl milk, following it, lialf hour later, with strong 
sage tea, then working it off witli currier's oil, has heen heretofore considered the hest 
known remedy for hots, hut it is [)rohahle that a strong tea of tansy may be found a 
much hetter remedy than the sage, used similarly, 1 pint each, in the order named, a 
lialf hour apart, only. 

Tansy Tea for Bots. 

There is undoul)tedly more in the virtues of tans}' for hots than appears upon the 
face of it; for the following item has heen more recently going the rounds oi" the papers: 
"Tansy tea is said to lie a sure remedy for hots in horses. E,\periments tried upon 
hots show that while they resist the action of almost every other substance, the}' are 
quickly killed by tansy. It is an easy matter to test it, by those who keep horses, when 
some of the bots have been passed, by [lutting them into some of the extracted juice of 
the tansy leaves. 

Bots — Their Manner of Production and How to Avoid Them. 

It will not he amiss to state here that bots do not, as many suppose, breed in the 
stomach of the horse, but simply grow there from the egg which is deposited on the 
Hanks and legs by the bot-lly in their season, which is fi-om .Inly to ()ctobei\ during 
which time if an oiled rag is kept in the stal)les and used upon the legs and sides of 
horses as regular as they are fed, with much rubbing, also with straw, which takes the 
nits off' better than a l)rush; these nits or eggs will l)e m istly rublied olf, and conse- 
quently the horse will get l)ut few, if any, in his mouth by licking or biting these parts, 
io be swallowed in the stomach. It is fully grown l)y spring, at which time, also, they 
begin to let go their hold on the stomach. They hang to the stomach l)y little hooks 
upon their feet, and are carried on by the food passed off; and again develop, as the 
butterfly is produced from a grub, as it were, anotlier gad-tly, and so on from year to 



vear 



Be careful, then to use the oiled rag freely, and scrajje off, if need l)e, as many 
as possible of these nits, or hot seeds, every day, as tliey are deposited, and you will 
have but little trouble with, and in fact l)ots never make trouble, except there be indi- 
gestion or other disease, which tirst disturbs them. 

J)uring the fly season, also, if not at all times, the hair on the back part of the 
legs shouhl be closely trimmed, as the rubbing off is easier upon short hair than that 
which is long and loose: and the shorter the hair the less deposits u[)on it can be made. 

Colic, or Bots, in Horses^How to Cure. No. 1, for Colic. 

A friend of mine near Ann Arboi', niaki-s the foUowinghis dependence. He says: 
Steep 1 dozen good sized red peppers in 1 (juart of water; strain and give the whole, 
while warm. Work off in an hour with 1 ]iint of Curriers' oil. 

Kem.vkks. — He saiii of this recipe: It can be depended on — neither colic nor bots 
can stand before it. ami it will not hurt horses nor cattle either. This gentleman as- 
sured me he had used it, and knew its exceeding value, but did not wish to have his 
name connected with it, contrary to the desire of most people. I have every confidence 
in it, for I knew him well, being a very quiet and diffident, or bashful man; and hence 



-10— 

I promised him not tt) pultlisli his name. Ked or cayene pepper is the purest stimulant 
we liave, and hence I liave not a doul)t it will do as he assured me it would, as it will 
warm up the stomach to do its work, ami prevent the further accumulation of gas, or 
wind, from the indigestion, and thus cure colic and give hots a legal notice to vacate 
the premises. 

Colic in Horses-Its Cause and What is Needed to Cure It. 
As colic is caused hy the indigestion of iood, a sour or gaseous stomach, as we 
say of persons, all that is needed to cure it is something to correct the acidity and to 
warm u]) the stomach, so that the digestion can proceed again: hut as the indigestion 
and consequent acidity may have progressed so far it cannot be corrected, making it 
necessary to give an active cathartic to hasten the fermenting food out of the system, it 
is well at first to give a tablespoon ful of saleratus, dissolvetl in warm water, A pint: 
then, if vou are where tlie pepper tea can be steeped at once, give it: but 'tis well to have 
something of an anodyne nature to help allay the pain, as well as to stimulate, which 
can b*^ kept in the stable, always i-eady f«>r use, like the following: 

No. 2. For Colic. 

r/audanuni 1 oz. 

Sulphuric Kther 1 oz. 

Chloroform I oz. 

Tincture of ('avenue Pepper 1 oz. 

Essence of Peppermint I oz. 

Tinct. of Helladoiina j oz. 

Mix. 
Dose — For a full size horse, (jive 1 tnhlespoonful in irarm water, \i pint, and repeat 
in 30 minutes, if not before relieved: or. put the pepi)er to steeping at once on giving 
the first dose of this, and if not relieved in 'M) minutes give the pepper tea, as in No. 1 
above, instead of repeating this, would ln> preferable. Put, if no i>e[)pers are at band, 
repeat this as above without fear of injury. For I know that a dozen drops of chloro- 
foi'm in a spoonful of water has relieved gaseous dyspej)sia of persons, while this mi.\- 
ture has several other things in it making it more reliable in colic of horses, and would 
be good for jxM'sons in doses of i teaspoonful, repeated once or twice only, if not relieved 
in the half hour. 

No. 3. 
In the meantime, if there is great distention of the bowels by gas, which is al- 
most always the case in colic, do not overlook the importance of giving the tablespoon- 
ful of saleratus dissolved in water, i pint, to stop the fermentation of the food, which 
causes this gaseous condition: and also to have got ready a physic; containing i to f oz. 
of aloes dissolved in i pint of water, in which you have put another tablespoonful of 
sal»M-atus to make it dissolve, so it shall be quicker in its operation to carry off this fer- 
menting food. 

Recipe No. 4, for Colic. 

If very great pain still exists, or iloes e.xist at any time. <>ven as mucli as 2 ozs. of 
laudanum has been given, so also has '2 ozs. of ess. of peppermint, or 1 oz. of suli)huric 
ether, or i oz. of chloroform, or i oz. of hartsliorn. in i ])int of warm water, has and 
may be given: the laudanum to stop the pain, the others more to stop the fermentation 
and consequent distention of the stomach and bowels by the gas. Sometimes this gas 



is aided to pass off hy llie rectum l)y i; i \- i 1 1 i;- warm water injections, turning the horse's 
head (h)wn hill and |)iini|iinii- in freely all tlie howels will retain, even if it is a l)ucket- 
t'ul will do no harm, hut l)y its wettini:; and sorteninj^ intluence aids tlie escape of gas 
and also the quicker action of the physic, if one has heen given. if the gas is once 
started freel}' by the rectum consider your horse safe. 

But, lastly, in vo ca.sr nlloir the cruel custom of taking the horse out and running 
him, noi' even trotting him. iioi- "ruh his helly with a chestnut rail," nor Oic wicked and 
cruel system of laying him on his side and getting a big, heavy man with coarse boots 
to walk back and forth upon him. Some of the mixtures to relieve j)ain and stop the 
accumulation of the gas, then physic, and injections if needed, to start off the gas, must 
be the main dependence. And, 1 will only add, if you now allow your horses to die 
with colic, it is not the author's fault, but will be chargeable to yourselves by neglect- 
ing to have a supply on hand of what is liable to be needed any day. See infiamma- 
mation of the bowels. 

Corns, or Shoe Boil of Horses' Feet; Explanation of and Remedy. 

Corns, also called shoe boils, are generally the result of bad shoeing, i. e., allow- 
ing the heel of the shoe to rest too far in, upon the sole of the horse's foot. The}' 
should have their bearing upon the shell, or solid, outer [)ai't of the hoof: then there 
will be but few corns But when they exist, the soft and di.seased part of the sole 
must be cut away to allow the application of the following remedy: 

Sulphuric acid. . 1 oz. 

Nitro-muriatic acid -^ oz. 

Corrosive sublimate. 1 dr. 

Directions. — Add, little hy little, one of the acids to the other, in an earthen bowl, 
in the open air, to avoid breathing the fumes arising from them in mi.xing. Mash the 
corrosive sublimate finely and add it to tlie acids. Then, having pared and trimiiKMl 
down to the sore, iipj)ly the remedy with a swal> o!' pledget of lint and bind on till the 
corrosion or destruction of the hoof is stopjied: then apply a soft healing ointment. 

Rf,m.\1!Ks. — This is from my old friend Wallington, a farrier of long practice, 
which ought to be an assurance of its value; but knowing the nature of the prepara- 
tion, I can assure cinyone ii will be found just the thing desired. Do not get either of 
the acids on hands or clothing. 

Condition Powders — Tonic and Purifying to the Blood — No. 1. 

Sulphur. b ozs. Buchu leaves 1 oz. 

(Jeniian root .2 ozs. Blood root ] oz. 

Sassafras (bark of the root) . 2 ozs. Skunk Cabbage root 1 oz. 

Elecampane root 2 ozs. ("ream of Tartar. 1 oz. 

Ginger root 2 ozs. Epsom Salts 1 oz. 

Saltpeter 2 ozs. Black Antimony ! oz. 

liosin. 2 ozs. Eenugreek seed 1 oz. 

Digitalis leaves 1 oz. Rust or Carbonate of Iron 1 oz. 

Directions. — Pulverize finely, mix thoroughly, and keep in air-tight boxes. 

Dose. — Give 1 tablespoonful in feed as directed in Remarks. 

Rk.m.vkks. — In spring and fall use with all stock, as well as horses, one table- 
spoonful daily, in a bran-mash, until you can see its beneficial action, or for two 



weeks; but in case of a horse, cow or ox, being in bad healtli, at any time of year, tlie 
same dose twice daily, in a bran-mash, may bn given for a couple of weeks, or until 
the desired result — good health — is obtained. 8ome horses will not, however, eat 
bran mashes: then stir it in wetted oats. This is especially valuable in all the chronic 
diseases, as mange, distemper, grease-heel, big-head, big-leg, poll evil, fistula, yellow 
water, etc. It will show its beneficial effects very quickly. 

Condition Powder--Relaxing~for use in Scratches, Grease-Heel, Etc. 

The following was published in the /'o.s/ and Tribanc by 11. \V. Doney, of Jack- 
son, -Mich., in answer to an in(|uiry of "J. W.," of Paw Paw, for a condition powder to 
cleanse the blood, in spring, adding: "I have got one horse that has had scratches 
most of the time for three years, and 1 have doctored her most of tlie time." 

Mr. Donev, in answering, savs: "'^'ou have a numi>er of tliem already given. 



'!-' • 



No. 2. 



2 


OZS. 


2 


ozs. 


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OZS. 


■) 


ozs. 


2 


ozs. 





ozs. 




ozs. 




ozs. 




ozs. 




ozs. 




oz. 


. 1 


oz. 



but here is one for the special purpose: 

Mantlrake 

Aloes 

Epsom Salts 

Gentian. 

Blood root 

Skunk ("abl)age - ozs. 

(tuiu Myrili '1 ozs. 

Golden Seal 2 ozs. 

Stillingia. 

Sulphur. 

Licorice root. 

( Jinger root 

("oriander seeds 
Gamphor gum 
Gopperas 

Powder and mi.\ thoroughly. />o.'^e. — One-half ounce (al)out one tablespoonful ) 
once a day, in feed or drench. To aid the operation and produce better results, give 
one pint of sassafras tea daily. If fever is present give !•'> drops of aconite (tinct. or 11. 
e.\.) once a day. If paralysis in any form exists, give lo drops of l)elladonna (tinct. oi' 
H. e.x.) once a day: or if nerve power is lacking, ♦give 15 drops nux vomica (tinct. or H 
ex.) once a day." These last medicines are poisonous if used too much or too often; so 
follow directions very carefully. 

Physic or Purge-. For use in Scratches or Grease-Heels. 

(iive a good {)urge made of lluid extract of 

Aloes i oz. 

Mandrake ' i dr. 

Blood root i dr. 

Licorice. . 1 oz. 

Epsom Salts 2 ozs. 

Water 6 ozs. 

Give until the bowels respond freely; then lessen the dose. 



Wash for Scratches and Grease-Heel. 

Whitr \'it riiil. 1 oz. 

Aluiu 1 oz. 

Gum Ciitecliu 1 oz. 

Oak Bark solution ] (jl. 

TurpeiitiiH' .1 oz. 

Mi.x and use as a wash twice a day. Take the water in wliich you l)oil potatoes, 
1 qt. Wash tlie limh with it Ijefore using tlie other. If it will not cleanse the limb 
thoroughly ^^se oat meal and soap. Rub until the sore looks like a bright pink, and 
the surrounding {)ortions of the leg white. Keep the stable well cleaned. Use a brush 
on the leg often. 

Condition Powder for a Stallion. 

White Kosiii . 4 ozs. 

Madder 4 ozs. 

Black Antimony 3 ozs. 

Gentian root .3 ozs. 

Fenugreek seed ."> ozs. 

Sulphur 3 ozs. 

Ginger root 3 ozs. 

Ai\ise seed 2 ozs. 

Spanish Hies. 1 oz. 

All made vei'y fine and intimately mixetl Do-^e. — A tablespoonful a little round- 
ing, in the morning's feed, as he begins to drag toward the last of the season. This is 
from Robt. Hudson, Winfield, Kansas. No one need fear to use it. And without the 
Spanish flies, it is a good alterative and tonic powder for any other horse. 

Cooling Eye Water for Big Head, Swellings, Sprains, Etc. 

Take a (|uart bottle and put into it ])ulverized [jurilied nitre, i 11)., and soft 
water, i pt., and shake till dissolved; then fill with more soft water and cork for use. 
P'or the eye, dilute a little of this mi.xture with three limes as much water, and wash 
the eyes two or three times daily. For swellings, sprains, etc., apply it as often, full 
strength. 

Distemper in Colts — Treatment. 

Distemper in a colt has about three weeks to run its course; all the medicine re- 
quired is a light dose ol Kpsom salts, say 4 to (> ozs., and a good nursing. Give warm 
bian mashes, linseed or oatmeal gruel; keep the animal warm and rub the legs with 
cloths dipped in hot water; a tablespoonful of mustard in the water would he beneficial 
if the legs seem to be weak and numb, or cold. — A'. V. Times. 

Eye Water. 

For weak eyes, shown by their watering more or less, freely apply the following: 

Acetate of lea<l i oz 

Sulphate of zinc i oz. 

Laudanum i oz. 

Soft water . . 1 pint. 

If tlie e^'e is very weak, reduce some of this with an equal amount of water, and 
apply as the mixture above. A teaspoonful of this [)ut into a 1 ounce vial ami filled 



— 14— 

Avith soft water, will he an excellent remedy ft)r sore or weak eye^ of persons. Either 
of these are as good for cattle as for horses. 

Epizootic— The Most Successful Treatment. 

Win. Home, a veterinary, in the (Country (xentlemen, says: "In tlir treatment 
of the epizootic, in 1S72, no treatment in my own practice was so ellectual, and none 
brought speedier or more i)ermai)ent relief than a powerful stimulant applied to the 
throat outside; and tincture of lobelia, 1 ounce; gelseminum, i ounce. INlix and place 30 
to 40 drops on tlie roots of the tongue, three times a day. Plenty of i)ure air and gen- 
eral warmth and comfort, make good nursing; not too much pampering and medication. 

Remarks. — Tiie Sweeney Cure, which is a powerful liniment, and without the 
alcohol, will be as powerful stimulant as anyone will need in these c.ises. It is not 
necessarj^ to l)lister; however, if it is likely to do that, rub over with sweet oil to prevent 
the blistering. Or. if made without the cantharides, it will not blister. The lobelia 
helps the cough, and the gelseminum keeps down the fever by lessening the pulse. This 
is claimed to be a bad disease; then use the condition powder No. 1 in connection with 
the other treatment. 

Galled Shoulders and Saddle Galls To Prevent and Cure. 

To prevent shoulder galls for horses easily galled, have a collar shield of firm, 
smooth-faced leather, upon which the collar will move or slip easily, and thus not abrade 
or chafe the surface hair, skin, etc.; and have the saddle lined with hard, smooth-sur- 
faced leather — rawhide is best — like the military saddle, but never have one lined with 
any woolen stulf. 

To Cure. — Wash with soap suds, and apply the following solution: 

('o])peras 1 drachm. 

Blue \'itriol A drachm. 

Water 1 pint, 

which will reduce inllammalion, harden the surface, and aid the giowth of new skin, if 
l)roken. Never put on the saddle noi- harness while the place is wet from the applica- 
tion. 

Grease Heel — (See Scratches, etc.) 

Heaves or "Windbroken"— Necessary Caution in Feeding, and Cure for Many. 

"Heaves and windbroken are one anil the same disease, the lirst being used to 
designate its mildest form; and the latter, when it reaches its severest stages. It is 
in reality a kind of asthma caused by overfeeding on clover, hay, chaff, and other 
coarse, bulky and dusty foibler. The disease is seldom known where horses are pas- 
tured all the year, and clover in some of its species does not enter into the hay cro]j. 
If the horse has not bad the heaves so long as to be wholly beyond help, try feeding on 
corn-stalks, cut moist; hay, with carrots, beets, turnips, potatoes, and other well known 
nutritious roots. Keep the l)owels open by la.xative remedies, and for a tonic give 
arsenic in 3 grain doses for two or three weeks, (iive the animal no dry hay, excei)t a 
little handful at night; and if you have good, well cured coi'U stalks, these will suffice, 
with plenty of roots and cut hay (wet), with grain three times a day." — New York Sun. 



Rkmauks. — There are some veterinarians who chiini tliat the air cells, or some of 
them, are ruptured: when this is actually the case, there is proltahly no cure; l)ut before 
this has occurred, it has Uccn t-lainied liy H. Few, a French veterinai'iaii, i thiid<, that 
lo grains of arsenic, daily, for two or three weeks, as Mcf'lure and Harvey, in their 
work on the horse, informs us, "with green food or straw, and in son.e cast's bleeding, 
■was perfectly successful,'' in ten reported cases. In one it returned after three months, 
which "speedily 3'ielde(i to a i-cpdition of the same treatment." The way to give it 
would l)e to sprinkle it in line powder on a i\'W thoroughly chopped I'oots, 5 grains, 
moining, noon ami night. There would he no d;inger in its use, stopping at the end of 
two or three weeks, lU' when the diUlculty has l)een fully overcome. 

Inflammation of the Bladder— Cause, Symptoms and Treatment. 

C.M'SK. — .\ coi-respondent of the l^lade, of W'atertown, N. Y., says: "It is often 
caused by the abuse of diuretics; and the frecpient use of rosin, with the idea that it 
loosens the skin ami improves the ap])etite, too often results in this trouble. 

Symptoms. — "The symptoms are the passage of the urine in small (juantities, and 
frequently with evident pain. The animal turns and looks at the Hank; the hind legs 
are restless, and the tail is switched about violently, but chieHy downward. The horse 
moves stifily. and with a straddling gait of the hind let's. 

Treatment. — "No diui'etics should be given, l)ut soft tniiscihiginous food, such as 
linseed (flaxseed) and oats boiled (S pint to I pint would be enough to boil in a feed 
of oats), and given with cut hay and slippery elm bark tea. This will relieve the organ 
better than medicines. ,\fter tlie inflammation has subsided and the .symptoms have 
been relieved, 1 drnchin of chlorate of potash may be given daily for two weeks in the 
food, which should be continued as before for a few days." 

Rkmauks. — The author would prefer the use of acetate of potash rather than the 
chlorate, in like amount. The chloi'ate can be powdered and put in the iced; 1 ounce 
of acetate would have to be put in a bottle with 8 tabtespoonsful of water, as it softens 
very (piiekly in the air: then i taldespoonful contains' I drat-hm, which is a dose. Put 
it in the food or drink, as you choose. 

LINIMENTS, SALVES, OILS, ETC., FOR HORSES. 

Liniment No. I. 

By permission of W. M. (". Hill, Es(|., postnuister of Dallas, Te.xas, owner of tlie 
great stallion which sired "Lena Hill," 2-year's record of 2:12^, and "Judge Hurt," 
1-year's record of 2:o7i: also owner of Hill's Stock Farm, (jrand I'i'airie, Te.xas, who 
says be kee[)S it by the gallon at the farm, and always at his home; that it is as good for 
man as for animals, and cures sprains, swellings, stiffness of joints and old sores, 
wounds and bruises, 1 pulilish ibis recipe: Take of 

Apple Vinegar 1 pint. Spirits Tur|)entine . 1 pint. 

Spirits Ammonia 1 pint. Whites of i Eggs. 

Chloroform -1 ozs. 

(I/eave out tlie Chloroform when you wish to use on fresh cuts and wounds.) 
Mix and bottle tight Apply by laibbing. This is the first tinu' Mi'. Hill has 
given this receipt for pulilication, as it was given him years ago by an old friend for 
personal use. but that friend is now dead, so Mr. Hill kindly gives it for your benefit. 



V 


ozs. 


•2 


ozs. 


2 


ozs. 


2 


ozs. 


1 


(It. 


i 


oz. 


tV 


oz. 


i 


oz. 



— 1()— 

California Liniment. No. 2. 

Opodeldoc 

Spirits of Turpentine 

Oil of Origanum 

Black Oil " 

Best alcohol 

Oum camphor 

Red pepper 

A(jua ammonia 

Good in all acute pain, rheumatism, sprains, and swellings in man or l)east. 
Rkmakks. — This, with the black oil, white oil, gargling oil, and the green salve 
following, and the condition powders for stallions, were obtained from the diary of Robt. 
Hudson, of Winfield, Kansas, who had spent considerable time in Oalifornia, where he 
obtained them from piactical horsemen; and from my own knowledge of the nature of 
tlie articles used, I am free to say one will search a long time to find others equal to 
them. 

New York Sun's Liniment. No. 3. 

The Nor Vork >>ua says: "Of liniments there are as many different comfiounds 
as of condition powders, but a good one for horses and other animals may be made of 

Oil of i^nke 2 ozs. 

Origanum 2 ozs. 

Wormwood 2 ozs. 

Spirits of ammonia 2 ozs. 

Spirits of turpentine 2 ozs. 

Sweet oil 4 ozs. 

Best alcohol 1 qt. 

Mixed and kei)t in a liottle, corked when not in use." 

Rkmakks. — It is a good one for general ]iurposes. See, also, "Sweeney Cure," 
which is a liniment. 

Black Oil. No. 4. 

British oil 1 oz. 

Oil of spike (balsam of lir) 1 oz. 

Tanner's oil 1 oz. 

Tamarack balsam 1 oz. 

Oil of vitriol 1 oz. 

Spirits of turpentine 2 ozs. 

Mix in the order named, putting in ih'- ail of vitriol t^lowly, and when cool the s})ir- 
its of turpentine. Better be in a (juart bottle. Very healing, and to reduce intiamma- 
tions l>y rubbing in or laying on with wet cloths or soft paper on either man or animals. 

White Oil, English. No. 5. 

Spirits of tur[i iitine i pint. 

Alcohol i pint. 

Olive oil 1 pint. 

'Hartshorn 4 ozs. 

Camphor Gum . 4 ozs. 

Mix. Used especially in' wounds and upon old sores. 



Gargling- Oil. No. 6. 

Wliite wine vinegar (uood cider vinegar will do) 1 jtint. 

Spirits of turpentine i pint. 

Sweet oil i pint. 

Oil of vitriol 1 oz. 

Castile soap 2 ozs. 

Saltpeter 2 ozs. 

Directions. — Shave the soa]) tine, add the oil of vitrol slowly, ]}u]ver\ze the salt- 
peter and shake occasionally till dissolved, when it is ready to use upon swellings, 
wounds, frostbites, etc., on horses and cattle, and it has been used extensively on persons. 

Opodeldoc. No. 7. 

Take: White soap .3 ozs. 

Canipiior gum 1 oz. 

Oil of rosemary 1 drch. 

Oil of origanum 1 drch. 

Alcohol 1 pt. 

Dissolve the soap in the alcohol by a gentle heat, then add tlie gum camphor and 
tlie oils, and when all dissolved pour the mixture into wide mouthed bottles. Useful 
for sprains, rlieumatism and bruises. Oood for man and beast. Often used in other 
recipes. Use white Castile soap. 

Green Salve. No. 8. 

Spirits of Turpentine 4 ozs. 

Beeswax; 2 ozs. 

Rosin 2 ozs. 

Honey 2 ozs. 

Lard 12 ozs. 

Finely pulverized verdigris 1 oz. 

Directions. — Heat all gently together, except the verdigris, tlien remove from 
the tire and stii- that in as it begins to cool, and stir till cold. Put in tin boxes for use. 

Canker in the Foot. 

This disease is alwa3's preceded by thrush. It is fungoid growth of the frog, and 
bleeds u|)on the slightest cause. 

TuK.-VTMKNT. — Removc witli sharj) knife all loose horn, and trim away part of the 
growth. Then wash once a day with; An ounce of nitrate of silver well shaken in a 
quart of rain water. Oive nutritious food and good care. 

Catarrh or Common Cold. 

Medicines are of little use. Good nursing aiul careful management are required. 
If there is a bad cough give green food, turnips, rutabagas, apples, etc. 

Distemper. 

Follow rules for catarrh. If he won't eat keep drink away and give warm 
mashes, and hay slightly wet and salted. Feed scraped carrots. Keep up his strength 
till disease runs its course. 

Cause. — Dusty or musty hay. 

Cure. — Cliange the hay. If you can't then cut it fine and feed it wet, to which 
add a spoonful of ginger every day till cured. 



Inflammation of the Bowels 

Can be told from colic of the pulse. In colic it is about natural, say oO beats to 
the minute. The animal often rolls, and there is not much fever. In intiammation there 
is much fever; pulse sometimes rises to nearly 100 to the minute. The attack is gradual 
and the disease does not intermit. In this case the horse is often killed by the iri'itat- 
ing medicines given. 

CrRL-;. — Give the horse a drink of slipi)ery elm tea every hour to allay inflamma- 
tion — keep him ijuiet. Never bleed him. Let him have little to eat, say gruel made of 
ground oats sifted, bran, and a very little corn meal, with a little salt added. 

Cracked Heels or Sandcracks 

Occurs in hoofs hard and brittle, an<l usually in the "(luarter." Take off the 
shoe, clean the foot carefully and apply a solution of chloride of zinc — six grains in a 
wine glass of water. Soak and wash often with soap and water. 

Cribbing. 

The habit of pressing the teeth and nitiiig or gnawing everything the horse can 
reach. r)r. Tuttle of Ulinton, Mich., says this is "belch of wind from the stomach." 
As to the cause he says it is indigestion or dyspepsia, fermentation or souring of the 
food. He claims it generally l)egins with the colt. The cause of the indigestion he 
says is mo.stly by i)Utting the colt too early on dry feed, grain, etc.. which it is not able 
to masticate. His remedy is raising spring colts and when winter comes, if grain is 
necessary, give boiled oats or oat meal and early cut hay. Shelter well. Always water 
before feeding. If signs of cribbing appear, that is dyspepsia, treat as follows and con- 
tinue till cure(l : (live 20 drops of tinctui-f of nu.x vomica, in a swallow of watei- to a 
horse that is live years old, 17 or is at I years old. 1") at 'A years old, 10 ai two years 
old. (iive as drench if necessary. 

Also give the following condition powders: 

Powdered gentian 1 lb. 

Best led peruvian bark, ground bv the druggist 1 lb. 

Jamaica ginger root, best, ground by the druggist. i lb. 

Mix well. Keej) in a tight box. (live a snuill tablespoonful at each meal. 

Curb. 

It is recognized by a protuberance back ofthe hock, about 4 or o inches below its 
upi>er joint. It makes the hind legs appear crooked and unsightly. 

Hub well with California Liniment. (See Index). Some farmers simply rub 
often with the hand or a corncob. Let llie shoe be low at the toe so as to take the 
strain from the ligament. 

Drenching. 

A long necked, smooth bottle i?- best. Llevate the head a little, but let it down 
quickly if thei'e is any sign of coughing, for some of the liquid may have gone the wrong 
way. Nerer. never drench through the nose. 

Founder or Laminitis. 
This is indicated l>y gi'eat heiit in the pail and throbbing of the plantar arteries. 
The horse seems stiff and sore all over and stands with his legs drawn under him, so as, 
if possible, to take the weight off the fore feet. 



— I'.l— 

Treatmknt. — Apply warm flax seed poultices to the feet. Give an injection of 
warm soap suds, and administer a |)ui'iiing ball, and follow with a tonic condition pow- 
der. If you neglect the disease the animal will never entirely recover. 

Glanders and Gleet 

Are incurable and very contagious to man and beast. Th.e horse must be killed 
and buried. Most or ;ill tlu' states have laws enforcing this. You wish to know how 
to tell the disease: It begins by a swelling of the gland under the lower jaw, there is 
seldom fever. Aftei- a time a discharge of a gluey nature appears from the nose, usualh' 
from one nostril. The gland becomes painful, more swollen and appears hard. There 
is no softening or suppuration. The lining membrane of the nose becomes heightened 
in color A very marked symptom appears, which is a hard lump in the center of the 
jaw. This is hard, adheres to the hone, and is not painful on being touched. 

In diseases of the air passage there is often a soft diffused swelling of the gland, 
but this is very different from the hard tumor of glanders. Again in glanders the ab- 
sorbent vessels in the sui-rounding parts become hard and corded. The discharge is 
first aqueous, then is mixetl with ropy mucous, afterwards it becomes glairy and grail- 
ually yellow in color. But the one constant sign is that it is gluey and adhesive. It 
clings to the hair around the nostrils and may even clog tliem. The disease may come 
to the hoi'se by inoculation, exposure of l)eing in the yard, stable or company of a dis- 
eased horse, and it nuiy come spontaneously. In either case it is incurable and you 
must destroy the horse and the box he has fed from and thoroughly cleanse the stall 
and manger he has occupied. 

Farcy. 

This disease originates from the same cause as glandei's. unlike that, however, it 
may be cured, but it requires time and good care. The symptoms are these: The ab- 
sorbents and vessels of one or both hind legs are swollen, inllamed, tender, hard and 
knotted. The vitiated lymph thus poured out softens, and ulcers or farcy buds appear. 
Tkk.\t.\iknt. — Scarify these with a hot iron and to prevent spreading draw the 
iron gently over the surrounding skin, (jrive twice a day the following: 

Sulphate of copper 3 drs. 

Iodine 6 drs. 

Linseed meal 1- o/.s. 

Rhubarb, powdered 3 ozs. 

Molasses quantity sufficient. 

Pulverize the sulphate and iodine, mix with the meal and rhuliarb and add the 
molasses little by little to make the mass of the right consistency. Make into 12 pills 
or balls and give one at a dose. If it interferes with the appetite hold up a day. Let 
the feed be good and lodging comfortable. 

Lampers or Lampas. 

This is an inflammation or swelling of the bars in the roof of the mouth. 
TuE.'i^T.ME.XT. — Cut or scarify the parts affected with a sharp knife or lancet, and 
then wash with alum water. In severe cases burn with lunar caustic. 



Mange in Horses. 

Remedy. — Wilke's Spirit of tiie Times publislied the following as a safe and 
effectual remedy: 

Whale (sperm) oil. G ozs. 

Oil of tar 3 ozs. 

Lac-suipliur 2 ozs. 

.Mix thoroughly and apply with a hair hrush, first washing the skin carefully, 
and at the end of the second or third day the animal is to be again washed, and the 
remed}' re-applied, as it is very jirobable that all the ova (eggs) oi" the mange (itch) 
insect are not killed by the first ap})lication. 

Rem.\rks. — As mange is as contagious with animals as itch is with children, keep 
them from others; and be careful to purify the stalls, or places where they may rub; 
and the harness or saddles, or such parts of them as come in eontact with the diseased 
parts of the animal, should be wa.shed with strong soap suds, having 1 i)urt of carbolic 
acid (liquid) to (J or 7 of the suds, and carefully dried and aired, and the blanket, if 
any has been worn, should be boiled in soap suds, with 1 oz. of the carbolic acid, at 
least, to 1 pail of soap suds; and the curry comb, brush, etc , washed in the same while 
hot; and afterwaids wet with a solution of arsenic or corrosive sublimate, 10 grains to 
each ounce of water needed, to wet them thoroughly; for it is very difiicult to kill all 
the itch or mange mites which cause the disease. Rub well with sulphur, also, the sad- 
dle and inside the harness, before again putting upon the horses. With these cautions 
vou may feel safe. See also the i)reparation for mange in hogs. It is certain there, 
why not with horses? I think it would l)e. If there are any scabs on harness or saddle 
be careful to first remove tliem. And I think it advisal)le not to let the mites upon 
one's luinds, lest he, too, get the itch. Remember the sublimate is poison, as well as 
the arsenic, so keep i)oth out of the way of children. 

Poll-Evil, Fistula, Fistulous Withers, Etc. 

SrccKssi-ii. Re.mkiuks. — "Poll-evil simply means a disease of the head, as the 
word "poll" comes from the low Dutch Polle. the head, and as the word evil, in connec- 
tion with a disease, signifies one causing suffering, we get poll-evil, a disease of the 
horse's head fri>m which there is much sufi'ering. As lo fistula, it is a Latin word and 
signifies a hollow seed, or pipe; hence, where we have a hollow pipe running down into 
a sore, it matters not whether upon the head or the withers (highest j)art of the shoulders) 
of a horse, it is really a fistula or a fistulous sore: and. as what will destroy the pipe 
which runs down into the bone, in one case, will destroy it in the other, we coufde them 
together." 

PuKVKNrioN.- Don't strike your horse on the head. Don't ke(q) him in so low a 
place that he can bump his head. Don't put on a heavy head-gear with such a band 
over the top of the head as will liring about or cause a swelling. 

Tkf.atmkxt. — Cirive the horse a dose of 10 ozs. of CJlauber Salts dissolved in a pint 
and a half of hot water. As soon as it is cool give to the horse with a drenching bottle. 
Keep the sore wet with cold water and vinegar, ecjual parts, poultice with bruised flax 
seed twice daily until the tumor softens. Then don't wait for it to break of its own 
accord, but as soon as the matter can be felt make a slanting cut with a sharp knife 



—•2\ — 

upon the right side oi the neck at the base of the abscess. Be careful not to cut so deep 
as to come in contact with the spinal cord or marrow. A seaton should be passed from 
the natural opening at tlie top of the tumor to this opening at the base. Before insert- 
ing the seaton, dip or wet it with tincture of cantharides. 

Make the pus escape freely as fast as it forms. Re-saturate the seaton in 3 or 4 
days with a s-jlution of 10 grains of nitrate of silver in an ounce of cold water. Three 
times a week inject into the opening from the top down a solution of one drachm 
of chloride of zinc, to one pint of cold water, but you had best begin a half hour after 
vou Hrst insert the seaton and inject the solution once a day till a healthy granulation 
sets in: then every other day till healed. If it becomes a running sore, 3'ou will find 
the following recipe from the Germantown Telegraph, very satisfactory, as I have al- 
ways observed the reliability of its recommendations. Tt says: "First, clean the sore 
wiih warm, soft water, and dry with soft, warm cloths: then drop on H or lU drops of 
muriatic acid twice daily, till it looks like a fresh wound; after this wash with suds of 
castile soap, and leave it to heal, which it will speedily do. if enough acid has been used." 

Rem.xkks. — If a pipe or pipes have already been formed, be sure to drop a few 
drops of the acid into each i)ipe, else it will be sure to break out again if the pipe is not 
destroyed. I>n not touch the acid with the fingers, nor get it upon any place outside of 
the sore, for if you do, it will make a sore of itself: destroy clothing, etc. An alkili. as 
a lye made of wood ashes, or sweet oil, would be the antitode, and would need to be 
used (juickl}', if got upon the person or clothing. Any of the healing ointments or lini- 
ments may be used to heal with, keeping the sore properly covered to avoid dust and 
dirt getting into it. 

A bit of concentrated lye, which is used for soap-making, the size of a bean or 
pea, wrapped in a couple of thicknesses of tissue paper (white) and pushed to the bot- 
tom of the pipe, or each pipe, if there is more, will destroy the life of the pipe, and 
hence cause it to come out, and give a chance to cure it from the bottom. Keep a piece 
of cotton saturated with liniment or healing ointment, pushed to the depth of the sore; 
it causes it to heal from the bottom, otherwise it will l)reak out again. The concentrated 
lye is l)etter than arsenic or corrosive sul)liniate. which are poisonous and cause inflam- 
mation of the parts, only to kill the unnatural growth. The Telegraph claimed to have 
known the successful use of the acid plan for a number of years. The acid on the sore 
and the lye on the pipes, if there are any, with cathartics and general tonic treatment 
with some of the condition powders, will cure every case, the author has not a doubt. 

Pawing in the Stable— To Cure Horses of the Habit. 

Fasten a short jiieee of log-chain, say five or six links, by means of a light strap 
to his leg, just above the knee (in the stable of course), so the chain sta3's on the front 
of the leg, and see how (juick the pawing horse will leave oft' the habit. In most cases 
a few days will be sufficient to eftect a cure. — New York Weekly. 

Pawingr— Cure For. 

It is said that thi.s annoying lialnt can be cured in the following manner: Bore 
a hole on each side of the stall a little in front of where the foreleg stands. Insert a 
rawhide, wedge tightlv in. and allow the ends to reach well out toward the centre of the 



•>i 



stall. When tlie horse paws he will catch the rawhide with the t 'ot wliich he paws, and 
in fetching back the foot the coid of the rawhiile liits him on tlie other foot. A few 
experiments will convince the horse that pawing with one foot always causes punisii- 
nient on the otlier, and soon the annoying habit is cured. 

Ringbone, Spavins, etc.— Certain Remedies. 

Ringbone and si):ivins, poll-evil and fistulas are the most annoying diseases with 
wliicii our domestic aiumals are atllicted: l)Ul with careful observation of tiie recipes the 
autlior has gatliered during ten years of close scrutiny of everything imlilished in our 
most reliable journi'.ls, will, we have not a doubt, enable our [)atrons to not only cure 
the lameness, but also to remove or cause the absorption of the bony eidargements in 
most ringbones and spavins, and to also cure the unsightly sores of poll-evil and fistu- 
las. The tirst recijie I shall give for ringbone is from a correspondent (",1. H. M.," of 
Wyoming, ().,) in Farm and Fire.'<i<le, of Springfield, ()., in answer to ''S. W. F.," in 
the same jouinal, and is a cure for this disease, which, if followed, he says will never 

fail: 

No. 1. 

Cantharides, powdered 2 ozs. 

.Mercurial ointment. 4 ozs. 

S]iirils of tuipeiitine 4 ozs, 

Tinctui'e of iodine ;"> ozs. 

Corrosive sublimate, powdered "> drs. 

Mix well with lard '2 lbs 

DiHKcTioNS. — Cut off the hair from the lump ami grease with and rub in well the 
above preparation. In two days after, grease witii fresh lard, and in lour days wash off 
with soap suds. Repeat every four days until the disease tlisappears. 1 have cured 
two cases of ten years standing." 

No. 2. 

Oil of ( )riganum 1 oz. 

Tincture of myrrh 1 oz. 

.Mcohol 1 oz. 

Corrosive Suldimate I dr. 

Iodine (best) 1 dr. 

DiRKcTioNs. dissolve the corrosive sub'imate and iodine in the alcohol and add 
oil and tincture and apply, after culling oil" the hair. In two days grease with fresh 
lard and wash as in No. I . 

Spavins, Blood or Bag Wind Galls, Thoroughpins, Splints, Etc. Permanent 

Cure for. 

Very strong vinegai". I pt. 

A(jua forlis (nitiic acid) 1 oz. 

.Spirits of lurp(Mitine. 1 oz. 

Best iileohol . 1 oz. 

Mi.x. 

I)ir!K(TU>.\s. — P)athe freely, rubbing hard. Kul) downward until you cause (piite 
a heat in th(> leg. It will not cause any blister, and before you realize it, it will disap- 
per. It has been over two years since I cured my mare, referred to below, and she is 



as good as ever to-day. Bathe three or four times a day, rubbing hard ever}- time. It 
seems a very simple recipe, l)ut I can warrant it a good one. 15. F. (jhamberlin, of 
Kicli, Lapeer countv, .Mich., in Detroit I'osI and Tribune, December, 1880. To winch he 
ad.h'd: 

"It effects a permanent cure. I have tested it on my own lioi'se, also on oliiers. 
I liave a mare wliicdi had two spavins, one on each hind leg; also two thoroughpins 
came with them. I tried sever;-l kinds of medicine with no effect, until 1 got this recipe. 
The spavins (wind galls) were as large as a pint l)owl. I considered her almost worth- 
less, she being a very small horse; l)ut I not only cured her lameness, but caused the 
enlargement to disapper entirely in thi-ec weeks. Vou would not know to-day that she 
ever had a spavin." 

IJi:m.\hks. — ( 'ertainly testimony as large as a |)int l)owl is all that mav be de- 
manded, for I never saw one of these wind galls, or [tulVy lumps, larger than half a 
hen's egg, this was an extreme case, and so much the more satisfactory for those who 
may need to try it, so I give his own woi-ds of assurance. A thoroughpin is the same 
as a bog spavin, or wind gall, as they are also called, except it extends along a tendon 
up ami down the leg, rathei' than in a lump oi' pud': treatment the same. 

Splints, Ointment for. 

Bin, iotlide of mercury 1 dr. 

Powdered cantharides 2 drs. 

I.ard . i 07,. 

Mix evenly into an ointment. 
DiRi'X'TioNs. — Shear off the hair from the enlargement and rub in ihe ointment 15 
minutes. The third day after apply sweet oil, lard oil <u- hii-d, to soften and ai<l in 
removing the scab. The horse or colt must not V)e allowed to get at the sore with his 
mouth. Continue until cured. 

Sweeney— Lininnents, Oils and other Cures for. 

Webster gi\(' us no s\)ch word: but it is well und(U'stood by horsemen, to refer to 
a shrinkage of the muscles over the shoulder blade of the horse with a tightening down 
of the skin to the shrunken condition of the muscles. If it was upon a person phj'si- 
cians would say the muscles were atrophied, from lack of nourishment; then what will 
stimulate them to a healthy action so that they shall i-eceive their proper share of" nutri- 
tion, will soon cure the dilliculty; hence the jiropriety of using some of the following 
liniments or nils upon the affected shouldei-. And first I will give one from a Kansas 
stage driver, which he called: 

Sweeney Cure. 

( >il of origanum . 4 ozs. 

(>il of .-pike 2 ozs. 

( )il of hendock 1 oz. 

Tincture of cantharides ! oz. 

.Spirits of turpentine. . 1 oz. 

Camphor gum 1 oz. 

l\Ii.\ and kee]* well corked. 



Directions. — Rub on well, once diiily, lifting the skin well at first. Two or three 
weeks will cure had cases. It will blister. But if it gets too severe miss a few ap{)lica- 
tions, or rub over with sweet oil (lard will do) after applying. 

Rk.m.\kks. — This was given l»y a stage drivei", over whose route I [)assed April 20, 
]S7('), from Wichita (Wichetaw) to Winfield. Kas. 

Strangles. 

Sv.MPTo.Ms. — 'j'lic horse a[)pears sick and refuses to eat, usually there is fever; in a 
day or two the glands under the jaw or back of the ear swell, ami a tumor forms. As 
soon as it comes to a head, lance it in ihe lowest part. 

Physic the horse with a half pint of castor oil. In two or three days the horse 
will be all ri<dit. usuallw 



Sore Throat, or Laryngretis. 

Sv.Mi'To.Ms- — The horse is disinclined to eat, sips his water, mouth is hot, and he 
swallows with difiiculty and has a cough. If you press your hand on the gullet, it 
feels liot and the pressure makes him cough. 

Kkmkdv. — Give soft t'iHMl only, grass, cariots, bran mash or linseed gruel, and a 
little salt to this soft feed. Keep a pail of good fresh water where the horse can reach 
it at all times. Open the I)owels with 2 ozs. epsom salts and i oz. of the i)est tincture or 
essence of Jamaica (linger in a pint of water. <;ive this both in the morning and 
evening. 

It the disease is attended with the strangles, then use warm ila.x seed poultices or 
fomentations on the throat. Change them often and keep them hot. Open the swell- 
ing as soon as it softens and comes to a head. If there is any iiritaliility pour boiling 
water on h;iy and steam the head. Put 1 gill of chloric ether on the hay if you can 
get it. Keep a lilanket on the horse i:u(\ wrap his legs in flannel. 

Horsemen's Hope Liniment A Cure for Sweeney "Californian. " 

I will give it in his own words: 

Ninety-eight per cent, alcohol 1 qt. 

Oil of iiriganum, l)est (juality I ozs. 

Hendock oil. pure 2 ozs. 

Add tiie oils and stand till cut (they will cut, or dissolve, by shaking, immedi- 
ately): then add the ioUowing: 

A(|ua ammonia, strong <S ozs. 

<ium camphor 4 ozs. 

Castile soa]) 4 ozs. 

Shaved and dissolved in a little hot water; then add the whole to the alcohol and it is 
fit for u.>e. 1 have cured sweeneys on three or four occasions with the above, by apply- 
ing and immediately covering the parts with a heavy woolen blanket. 

Rk.m.\rks. — 1 do not think Mr. McCIane (see ringbones for explanation) intends 
to be understood that one application would cure, Init that to continue its use a reason- 
able time daily would do it, of which I have not a doubt. Still, I think it a good plan 
in all cases to lift up the skin, by means of the thumbs and fingers, to break it loose, as 
it were, from its attachments to the muscles for the first few iipplications. Some i)er- 



sons,3'ou will see in the next recipe, claim this "lifting up of tlie skin" and allowing it 
to till up with air will cure the disease. 1 cannot say that it will, Init 1 know the hreak- 
ing up of the attachment will help the cure hy its stimulating the muscles and Llood 
vessels of the shouldei' to increase irritation, and thus het|i the stimulation. 

Sweeney — Simple and Certain Cure For. 

A. V/. Baird. of (iihson. 111., writes to one of the papeis in answertoan inquiry for 
a cure for this disease, saying: "The cure is short, easy, sure and simple. It is this: 
With the forefinger and thumb of the left hand pull up the skin on the shoulder, pretty 
well uj) on the siirunk place; then with the small blade of a pcsnknife make an incision 
through one side; of the skin that is pulled up. Then with both hands raise up the skin 
around the incision, and it will till with air. Fill the shrunk place full; let your horse 
stand a few days or I'un on pasture; he will soon be well; it is a certain cure." 

Rkmarks. — It strikes me that tliere would be more certainty of filling with air if 
a goose cjuill was passed Just through the oritiee in the skin and then infiated to its full 
extent by blowing. I will give one more, the oil. made with angle-worms, taken from 
Fust and Tribune, and will also remark that angle-worm oil has been considered val- 
uable also for stiffjoints, rheumatism, etc. The addition to this will make it so much 
better than without them It is as follows: 

Oil for Sweeney. 

Dig and wash clean angle-worms to make 1 pt. 

Put them in a suitable bottle, adding salt, l)y weight 1 oz. 

Spirits of turpentine . .• 1 oz. 

Sassafras oil 1 oz. 

Hang in the sun until tlie worms are dissolved, then strain and add: 

Oil of s[)ike 2 ozs. 

( )il of hemlock 2 ozs. 

Oil of cedar 2 ozs. 

Gum cam|)hor 2 ozs. 

Shake and bathe the shoulder night and morning, if it l)listers or gives too 
much pain, rub on a little lard oil (or lard). 

Rf.mahks. — 1 think th-is will prove a valuable oil for sweeney, and for the general 
purposes oi a liniment. In the same issue was the following treatment for strains, 
swelled legs, etc. 

Lotion. 

Steep wormwood herb 4 ozs.. in 

Sharp vinegar 2 (]ts.; add 

Salt " 2 lbs. 

I>ath(' the liml) thoroughly with this, then use the following 

Liniment. 

Oil of spike , 1 oz. 

Oil of hemlock 2 ozs. 

Oil of cedar 2 ozs. 

Camphor gum 2 ozs. 

Turpentine 2 ozs. 

Sweet oil 2 ozs. 

Arnica 1 |)t. 

Alcohol 1 pt. 

Shake before applying. 



Scratches, Grease Heel, etc. —To Avoid and to Cure. 

To Avoid. — Keep the horj^e in good health, and in tlie wet and muchly season, 
fall, winter and spring, kee[) the naturally long hair of the fetlocks, especially of the 
hind lesrs which are much more liahle to this disease, cut rather closely, sc that bv 
proper grooming these parts soon dry. and thus a\ oid dilHculty. I say this, for as a gen- 
eral thing it begins with slight iiiHammation of the skin, when it is scratches pro|)er; 
but which, if allowed to proceed to deeper and more extensive intiammation, causing the 
cracking of the skin, and the escape of a greasy and purulent, or foul matter, to exude 
from the cracks, which also excoriates and extends the inHammation to all parts which 
it touches, when "grease" may l)e considered to have taken full possession; and if not 
now met with proper treatment, the exudation assumes a foul smell, and linally a fun- 
gous growth mav arise in lumps, grape-like, to cover the whole of the diseased parts, 
leaving a red and angry appearance. Of course this is not common; for proper consti- 
tutional tieatnient, l>y condition powders, combining cathartics and diuretics, as well as 
tonics, with some of the following local applications, will pi'event or cure this disease. 
(See condition powders Xos. 1, "2. :>, and also the one given in connection with cribbing.) 

Grease Heels National Live Stock Journal's Cure. 

".\ttend to cleanliness. .\)iply during two days, two poultices of ecjual paiis of 
l)ran, flaxseed meal, and powdered charcoal. Thereafter apply twice daily a portion of 
oxide ol" zinc ointment (this is ma<le with oxide of zinc. I oz., to benzoated lard, (> ozs.,) 
previously removing all secretions of matter as well as dry scabs and crus:s. (This 
must be done with warm water and <'astile soap, washing carefully and drying perfectly.) 
If, after a week or ten days, the case does not impiove satisfactorily, a|)ply instead of the 
ointment twice or thrice daily a jtortion of a mixture of 1 oz. of ({oulard's extract, and 
4 oz. of carbolic acid to ^ pt. of water, (rive loosening food, among which may be 
mixed 2 drachms of nitrate of potash, morning and evening, during one week." 

Ri:.M.\i!Ks. — This poultice may be considered one of the best that can be made, 
which I know from personal experience, exce{)t tin; bran, to which 1 have no |)articular 
objections. Although I have never had the scratches proper, yet I had something much 
worse some ."lO years ago. I liad a foot mashed in a threshing machine, ami mortifica- 
tion set in upon two of tlu' toes, but the young jjlivsician was e(|ual to the occasion 
with a poultice of flaxseed, pro|)erly boiled, (as there was no flaxseed meal then kept by 
druggists), and thickened with powdered charcoal; the mortitication was sl(jpped from 
extending, and the mortified parts separated from the healthy [)arts, when tin; tendons 
only had to be clipped to remove them wholly from the foot; hence no one need to be 
afraid to tie to this poultice, and the whole treatment will be found good, not forgetting 
the constitutional or condition powder part of it, in all cases. 

Scratches or Grease Heel in Horses Simple and Cheap Remedy. 

The following, which is the last 1 shall give upon this sul)ject was from one sign- 
ing himself "A Subscriber," of Hillsdale, Mich., to the Detroit Tribune, in answei' to an 
inciuiry of H. E. fyyon, concerning the treatment of scratches; but to which he says; 
'T will state that I think it a case of urease heel, which is far woi-se ihan common 



scratches. The remedy prescrilxul in tlie Trihiineis a good one, hut I have a simple and 
cheap remedy. (MeanHness in the stable has mnch to do in tlie case, keeping the stable 
well cleaned and littered with clean, (Ut straw. 
Give the following condition powder: 

No. !. 

.laniaica ginger 8 ozs. 

Gentian root. 2 ozs. 

Niter 1 oz. 

I^lood root 1 oz. 

Arnica 1 oz. 

Crude .Antimony (black) i oz. 

Directions. — .Ml to be linely powdered and thoroughly mixed together, then give 
one lai'ge tahlespoont'ul in bran mash once each day for si.\ <lavs; then omit three days, 
and again repeat two or three days. This is (!(|ually good for any horse that is out of 
condition, oi' wants an appetite." 

For the Soi'e Heels. — Cleanse tlie parts alfectcd thoroughly with castile soap and 
soft watci-, and when thoroughly di'y, boil tui'iiips (have boiled and mashed already 
mi.xcd) and mash, and to this add linely pulvcu'ized charcoal. I'oultice with this for 
three days, changing the poultice twice each clay; then cleanse thoroughly again with 
castile soap and soft water, and when the |)arts ai'e thoroughly dr}', mix (have already 
mixed together) tanner's oil and white* lead to the consistency of paint; appl^' thorough- 
ly with a brush to the affected parts once each ihiy. A few applications will generally suf- 
fice. Cleanliness in the case has much to do in eir«cting a cure. The white lead is of the 
greatest importance in the case, but works hest when incorporated with tanner's oil. 
Hoping this may prove beneficial to Mr. Lyon, I sul)mit it to your consideration, if you 
think proper to jiublish it." 

Hkm \KKs.--Of course they published it, and it will be found good treatment, 
although r must say that our condition powders will have a more general action upon 
all the secretions than "Suh.scriber's," hut his turnip poultice with the charcoal thick- 
ening and the white lead in tanner's oil. will no doubt prove very satisfactory to all 
who try tln'm. I have known common white lead paint to act nicely upon galled 
shoulders, while this, with the tanner's oil in place of linseed oil, will ]irove more soft- 
ening, and, 1 think, also more healing. 

Surfeit in Horses— Cause and Cure. 

Surfeit is a disease more particularly affecting the skin, in which at first there 
will he found hard lumps, and if not soon cured, will finally become sore and a stickv 
matter exude, forming scales or scabs, and the treatment become more difficult. It is 
lielieved to arise from the hoi'se having been over-worked or over-driven, bv which the 
blood has become heated; then, by drinkMtig cold water, or standing in the cold, tliev 
become chilled, which shows itself in the skin, more particularly hecause tlie kidneys 
fail to depurate the blood, i. e., to take up and carry off' the effete or worn out portions 
of the system, which are, therefore, thrown upon the skin in too great quantities to 
obtain free escape: and hence, diuretics, sucli as niter, i oz. dissolved in a little water, 
and given in its (li'ink night and morning, or an ounce dailv of sweet s|)irits of niter in 



— 2S- 



tlie same way for a few days, will if taken in liand soon, generally t'orrect the ditticultv, 
but if the horse is not in general good health, a general constitutional treatment, with 
some of the condition powders, care in his feed and grooming, as well as to see he is not 
again ovei-heated, will he ne-essary. Cathartics, however, are not considered as essen- 
tial in this disease as diuretics. 1 do not see that any writer upon this subject directs 
an application to the skin; but I should most positively recommend the daily, or twice 
daily, a])plication of a good stimulating liniment to be well rubbed into the diseased 
parts of the skin, for 1 know it will expedite the cure as much as an ointment helps to 
more quickly cure the itch. 

RiiMAKKs. — Many is the horse that has been spoiled l)y hitching into a buggy or 
wagon and being driven (juickly to town, then allowed to stand for hoiirs; often I have 
seen it till eleven o'clock at night, in a cold dreary wind, while the driver "gossipped" 
and "guzzled'" in a warm, comfortal)le room. If this must be done, i"or humanity's 
sake put tlie hort^e in a comfortable stable. 

Warts on Horses or other Stock To Cure. 

.\ fanner writing to one of the papers says: "I had a mare some years ago that 
had a large wart on lier side, where the harness rubbed and kept it sore. In the sum- 
mer the Hies maile it worse. To prevent this I put on a daub of tar, and in a few weeks 
the wart was killed and disappeared. I have fre(|uently tried it on cattle and horses, 
and seldom had occasion to make a second application. The remeily is simple and 
efi'ectual. 

l{i:.M.\KKS. — I am not al)le to see anv chemical pro|)erty in ilie tar to effect a cure; 
yet 1 have not a doubt of the fact, as above given. If this lails in any case apply the 
following*: 

No. 1— Warts, Effectual Cure For On Horses or Persons. 

Take full strength acetic acid, and with a three cent camel's hair [)encil (brush) 
just fairly wet the wart all ovei'. A few applications will cure them on man or beast. 
Don't put on enough to run oft' the wart u]>on the skin, to make a sore. 

No. 2. 

Put 1 oz. of powdered sal-soda (washing soda) in a 2 oz. vial and fill with water, 
and wet tb.e warts thoroughly with this, is also effectual by a few aj>{)lications, in all 
cases, as with Xo. 1. A little of this soda in water to soak in the feet, for those who have 
corns, (which see) will soften up the dead part an<l m d^e its removal easy. 

Worms— Successful Remedies. 

''For the long worm which inhal)its the small intestines of the horse, and some- 
times find their way into the stomach, a Mr. l\liodcs, a farnn^r near Ann .Arl)or, Mich., 
gave me the following as a certain cure: Burn black ash bark and give the ashes in 1 
tablespoonful doses, in his feed every morning for three mornings, then skip three, till 
nine doses are given. 

Rkm.mjks. — Believing that the aikili arising from these ashes coming in contact 
witli the linings of the stomach and intestines will correct the mucus condition of these 
parts, in which the worms lind themselves. I give it, e.xpecting to cleanse the parts and 



eradicate the worms. If tliis fails in any case, however, give a drench of linseed oil, 1 
pt., with i oz. of spiritsof tnrpentine in it, and repeat the third morning after, if the first 
dose does not carry them oft' freely. The same you will see is used as an injection for 
pin-worms, 1)l'I()w. It is safe in either method of using. 

For the Pin-Worms that Infest the Rectum. 

1 cannot see why a solution of weak lye, made with wood ashes, and injected lor 
a few times, will mU also eradicate them. .Some of these however, almost always go 
higher up, to get out of the reach of injections, and after a week or ten days return to 
the rectum, when the same should be repeated, to clear them out entirely, no matter 
whether you use this, or inject the usual remedy, which is linseed oil, 1 pt., with i oz. 
spirits of turpentine in it, injecting every morning for a week, with the repetition as 
above. It is well also, after either of the treatments, to tone up the system with the 
tonic condition powders, which nevei' come amiss, spring and fall, althougli no special 
disease may manifest itself. 

Thrush. 

Cai;se. — Continued i)aring of the frog of the foot, damp stalls and contracted feet. 
Symptoms.- An offensive discharge from the sensitive frog. 

Rkmkdy. — Wash the foot with warm water and castile soaj) and wi])e dry. Re- 
move to a di-y stall. Sprinkle powdered vitiiol in the crevices. 

Vicious Horses—Efficient Method of Subduing. 

"A new and very simple method of subduing or training vicious horses was 
recently exhibited at West Philadelphia, Pa., where the manner in which the very 
wildest horses were subdued so (piickly caused the Record of that city to make the fol- 
lowing report, and to call it "astonishing." It says: "The first trial was that of a kick- 
ing or "bucking" mare, of which her owner said had allowed no rider on her back for a 
period of at least live years. She became tame in about as many minutes, and allowed 
herself to be ridden about without a sign other former wildness. The means by which 
the result was accomplislsed was by a piec(> of light rope which passed around the front of 
the jaw of the mare just above the upper teeth, crossed in her mouth, thence secured 
back of her neck. It was clainu^d that no horse will kick or jump when thus secured, 
and that the horse, after receiving the ti-eatment a few times, will abandon his 
vicious ways foi-ever." 

Method for Shoeing. 

"The method for shoeuig was equally as simple. It consisted in connecting the 
animal's head and tail by means of a rope fastened to the tail and then to the l)it, and 
then drawn tightly enough to incline the animaPs head to one side. This, it is claime<l, 
makes it absolutelv impossible foi- the horse to kick on the side of the rope. At the 
same exhibition a horse, which for many years had to be bound on the ground to be 
shod, suffered the blacksmith to operate on him without attempting to kick, wliile se- 
cured in the manner described." 

Rkm.vkks. — Much less trouble than the old Rarey plan; and the more simple the 
plan the easier it is to use it. If this ever fails, put under an ear, as they do in Mexico. 



- 30^- 

White Feet in Horses, or Spots on Forehead— How to Produce a Match. 

Take a piece of ( )snaburg (coarse linen clotii, originally made in Osnaburg, Ger- 
many ) the size of the wliite on the corresponding foot: spread it witli warm pitch and 
apply it around the foot, tying it afterward to keep it on in the right position; let it 
I'eiiiain on for three davs. hy whicdi time it will bring otf tlu' hair clean ami make the 
skin a little tender: then take elixir of vitiol. a sm<tll (juantity. anoint the |)arts two 
or three times; or use a common weeil called arse-smart, a small handful, bruise it and 
add to it alxtut a half pint of water; use it as a wash until the soreness is removed, 
when the hair will grow entirely wliite. — ('rirl:>t on the HenrlJi/' 

Rkm.vuks. — If this will do the work on the feet, of whic'h 1 have no (hnil)t, it will 
do the same U|)on the forehead, and in either case will do the horse no hai'm. 

Kicking and Runaway Horses^How to Cure the Habit. 

Till') KicKiNo. — If you have a horse whicli is accustomed to knocking out the 
dash-board with his heels, when things do not work to please him, proceed as follows: 
'Place around his neck a band like that used for riding with a martingale. Then take 
two light straps (imide for the purpose) and buckle them to the bits, on each side, and 
pass them through the neck-band, and also inside the girth, and buckle tliem secui'ely 
to each fetlock of the hind feet, taking care in the making to have them of the pi'oper 
length. When a horse is rigged in this manner, if he attempts to 'kick u|» l)ehind,' 
each effort will jerk his head down in such a way as to astonisli him, ])erhaps throw 
him over on his head. He will make but a few attempts to kick when he tinds his head 
thus tieil to his iieels, and two or three lessons will cure him altogether." 

FoK TiiK Ri'N.\w.\v. — The method for the runaway is ecjualiy .simple and elfectual: 
"First of all fasten sonie thick pads upon your horse's knees, then buckle a strap about 
the size of a rein, upon each fetlock iorward, nnd pass the straps through the hame 
rings or som<' part of the harness near the shoulder on each si(h- ami lead the straj) back 
to the driver's hand as lie sits in the buggy. He has thus four reins in his hand. Start 
the animal without fear; don't worry him with a st'-ong pull upon the liit, but talk to 
him friendly. When he attempts to run 1m must, of course, l)end his forward legs. 
Now pull sharplv one of the foot reins, and the etlect will be to raise one of his forward 
feet to his shoulder. He is a ihree-legged horse now, and when he has gone on in that 
way a little distance dro]» the constrained foot and jerk up the other. He cannot run 
faster on tliree legs than you can ride, ami when you have tired him on both sides 
pretty thoroughly, or if he refuses to take his ti-ot kin<lly and ol)ey your voice and n 
moderate pull at the bit, voii can raise both his fore feet, diop him upon liis knees, and 
h't liim make a few bounds in that position. The animal will soon lind that he cannot 
run away, that lie is ('(unpletely in your power, and l)y soothing words you will also be 
able to convince him that you are his friend He will soon obey your commands, and 
will be afraid to extend himself for a run. Within a week or two some horses tliat were 
(|uite valuable animals in respect to everything but their bad habits of kicking and run- 
!iiiig in harness, were cured by methods descrilied aliove.'' — Boston Herald. 

Ri-:m.\hks. — These plans, if managed skillfully, must prove effectual and satisfac- 
tory; and they ought to be generally known, for there are many horses given to one or 
both of these viciouslv evil habits. 



Amount of Food Necessary for a Horse at Work. 

The Eiiglisli railwiiy (or, as wu call them here, streetcars) companies, teed their 

horses mixed fed, about as follows, for six horses: 

Hay 376 lbs. I , ,1 , • , 1 „• 

o, " u ( 11 I- both cut into ciiail. 

Straw M lbs. ) 

Oats 33(i lbs. 

Indian Corn 252 lbs. 

Beans . .^4 lbs. 

Bran . 11 lbs. 

All mi.xed evenly to,i;ether and ground; then, I should judge, mi.xed proiiorlion- 
ately with the nu)istened cut hay and sti-aw. This makes an avei-age of 11 lbs. of the 
mixed hay and IC) lbs. of mixed grain for each horse daily. A fair feed, if not over- 
worked, as many of them do in our cities. 

A Pennsylvania farmer says: Two ijuarts of meal per day is not enough for a 
horse that is working: but an excellent mixture of grain is cracked corn, 1 bushel; and 
oats, 2 bushels, well ground and mixed with the corn. (See Mr. Stewart's Best Feed, 
or rations for Work Horses.) Of this he goes on to say: A small horse that is driven 
or worked, should have 2 (|ts. at a feed, given thi-ee times a day, with o lbs. of hay 
(cut), night and morning: and a horse that is not working, but will be soon, would 
be the belter for a daily feed of 2 (jts. of grain (oats) given at noon. 

Rk.marks. — This undoubtedly refers to a horse which is not being fed upon the 
meal inixtui'e, luit simply hay. or other coarse food. 

For Old Horses. 

For old horses theoats should most certainly be ground, and theii' coarse food also 
cut, dampened and the ground oats mixed with it, as their leeth are not in condition to 
grind for themselves; and if they are lett to do it they do not get half the value of the 
grain. It is worthy of attention. Young horses may do tolerably well grinding for 
themselves; but they will do much better if it is ground for them. 

Apples Valuable for Horses. 

Remarks have been made in eonnection with the subject of carrots, parsnips and 
other roots of valuable food for cattle, etc., in which apples are shown to possess largely, 
the power of dissolving other coarse food for them, why not then good for horses? (See 
this pectine, or dissolving [)ower, described in connection with carrots ami other roots 
for cattle. Apples possess it in greater abundance than almost any other article known). 
Of course it is only sour apples that have this power, and hence it is only them that 
should be fed. One writer says: 1 have occasionally fed sour apples to my horses, 
with excellent results. They are a certain cure for worms. I feed half to a whole 
pail full once a week. Another one says: I am in the habit of turning my horses into 
the orchard in the fall, where they can eat as many apples as the}' like. I find they 
derive much benefit from them, and gain Hesh much more rapidly than others which 
did not receive an apple feed. 

Parsnips Valuable as Food for Horses. 

In the article above referred to, parsnips were spoken of as having been fed in 
France by a horse breeder there, for twenty years, with better success than when he 



used to feed carrots, from tlie larger amount of peotiiie, or pectic acid, which they con- 
tain. It is from the presence of this dissolving power in apples, as well as parsnips, 
carrv)ts. beets, rutabagas, etc.. which make them so valuable as food, when properly 
cut and mixed with other coarse food, as hay, corn-stalks, straw, etc., all properly cut, 
both for hoiscs an<l cattle. 



THE COViL. 

She is indispensable. Every family that possibh' can should have one — a good 
one and sliould treat her with care. Although they ought to have the best of feed and 
care all the time, if I'ich milk, good Initler or cheese are expected from them; yet, the 
time when thev need more especial care, is for a couple of weeks bel'ore and at the 
time of calving, for if thev pass this period without accident, and do not have milk- 
fever following it, there is generally but little troulilc with them. This disease is not 
a.s prevalent in the Western States as in the Eastern, especially Rhodi! Island, Massa- 
chusetts and < 'onnecticnt. and it is believed to be more prevalent on account of their 
higher feeding to obtain all the milk possible from them, au<l also that of a rich butter 
or cheese producing quality, and hence meal enters largely into their feed, which alone, 
is of a heating nature, and has a tendency at this particular i)eriod, it is beli(>v(>d. to 
make the cow more likely to have milk-fever. 

Milk Fever To Avoid. 

"I am in the habit of giving water to cows ;is soon as they drop their calves, and 
1 have never known a case of milk-fever when the cow had all the water she wanted 
soon after calving, and the water was kept sujtplied at short intervals, giving a pailful 
at a time, iVesh from the well. In all cases of milk-fever that I have known anything 
about, the cows went without water tor a long tinu-, and then were allowed to di-ink a 
large (piantitv. and the reaction was too great for the system. 

"Cows, when fat,"' Mr. Putnam says, "shouhl have no heating food tor two weeks 
before calving. .\nd. first, to milk the cow as soon as she calves, then to give her a 
biu'kel of water, fresh tVum th(> well, sut^h as a thirsty man would relish. In half an 
hour give her another, and so on >intil she is satislied." If there is an early and large 
tlow of milk before calving it is best to milk it out as often as necessary to prevent too 
great distention and heat. 

If the disease sets in, give the following: 

No. 1. 

("ream of Tartar 2 ozs. 

Carbonate of Magnesia 1 oz. 

Salt 4 ozs. 

Common .Molasses 1 i)t. 

Water 2 gals. 

Mix, and let the cow (lriid< it. Follow in half an hour with this: 



.:>.,)- 



No. 2. 

Best I*()\V(1(M(m1 Rhuharb i oz- 

Suli)Iiutc of Maj^iifsia 2 ozs. 

Salt. " 2 ozs. 

Saltpetre i oz. 

Leptaiidrin . 20 gr. 

Podopliyliii. 3 gr. 

Mix, and give in l>i-an mash. Let the cow have clean, cold water, iiliout half a 
pailful, each hour. 

Rkm.mjks. — Having hecome fully satisfied ot the necessity of giving IVesh, cold 
water to persons in fever, as shown l)y the remarks following Tyiihoid Fever, and rea- 
soning from analogy (the likeness or agreement hetween things, although the circum- 
stances may he different), I see at a glance that the cool water to satisfy the cows, this 
within a reasonably short time, fa pailful every half hour, as Mr. Putnam has found, as 
above given) is the true way to pi-event a cow from having milk fever at all; for no 
person, animal, or thing, can long continue hot (and all fever is beat) if (illed or cov- 
ered with cold water. Nothing further need be said in favor ol" Mr. Putnam's plan. It 
will be safe to follow it. 

Milk To Increase the Flow in Dairy Cows, and Best Food to Insure it. 

Milk, to Inckkask. — The ngricultural editor of the Bee-Keepers' Journal vouches 
for the following, handed him by one who had tried the plan to increase the flow of 
milk, anil I have seen the same thing given in v.-irious other sources, and Irom the 
nature of the mixture I have every reason to believe it good. He says: 

No. 1. 

"If you desire to gel a large yield pf milk, give your cow, three times a day, 
water, slightly warm, slightly salted, in whieh itraii has been stirred at the ratt; of 1 (|t. 
to 2 gals, of water. You will find that: your cow will gain 2.") per cent, immediately 
under the effects of it, and she will hecome so attached to the drink as to refuse clear 
water, unless very thirsty: but this mess she will drink almost at any time, and ask for 
more. The amount of this drink is an ordinary pailful at each tinut morning, noon 
and night, ^'oul■ animal will then do her best at discounting the lacteal (lac, the Latin 
word for milk, hence "lacteal," milky) fluid." 

No. 2— The Best Food for Increasing the Flow of Milk. 

In the Eastern States, as before stated, milch cows are fed largely on corn-meal, 
but I have the statement of a well-informed dairyman, that etjual parts, by measure, of 
cornmeal, ground oats and wheat-bran, well mixed, makes the best and most profitable 
feed for increasing the How of milk, being much less heating than cornmeal alone, and 
still very nourishing and satisfiictory to the animal as well as to the dairyman, by 
saving considerable expense, while at the same time he gets his increased flow of milk, 
and the cow is not too fat for comfort and health, as they often become on cornmeal 
alone." 



No. 3 -Ointment for Swelled Bagrs, or Udders of Cows. 

Sweet Oil 4 ozs. 

Pulverized Caniplior (Juin 1 oz. 

Dissolve over a slow fire and nil) in well two or three times daily. The author 
thinks the ointment for drying otf cows, itelow, fully e(jual, if not even l)etter than this 
camphorated oil, aUhoujih only swelliui: is to he remedied here, which generally arises 
from colds. 

No. 4.— Choked Cattle— Sure Remedy. 

J. .J. P>.. in Country Gentleman, speaking of choked cattle, says: "'The following 
recipe ought to he printed twice every year, as it is a sure remedy: 'Pake of tine-cut 
chewing tohacco enough to make a l)all the size of a hen's egg, dampen it with molas- 
ses, so it adheres closely: elevate the animal's head, pull out the tongue and crowd the 
ball as far clown the throat as possible. In fifteen minutes it will cause sickness and 
vomiting, relaxing the muscles so that the potato, oi- whatever may be choking it, will 
be thrown up." 

Rk.mauks. — It is almost absolutely certain that the tobacco will caus(» the rela.x- 
ing of the muscles, and consetjuent throwing up of the cimtents of the stomach, and a 
cure is just as certain as a rela.xation. The laying of moistened tobacco upon a person's 
stonuich, with lock-jaw, has rela.xed them and saved the patient. It must not be kept 
on so long, however, as to cause deathly sickness. 

No. 5. To Dry Off Cows, Mares and Other Animals. 

Tar and good \ inegar, each S ozs. 

Spirits of Turpentine (i ozs. 

Tallow 4 ozs. 

Beeswa.x 2 ozs. 

("amphor (ium, powdered by druggist .2 ozs. 

l)ii;K("noNs. — Boil tar and beeswa.x., tallow and vinegar together for fifteen min- 
utes; then, when removed tVom the lire add the turpentine and camphor, and stir till 
cold. Milk the cow or mare and ml) into the udder and along the milk veins till the 
milk ceases to flow. 

For Caked Breasts. 

Use the same l)Ut lea\e out (lie tar. 

No. 6 Hollow Horn To Cure. 

Alcohol S oz. 

(nun camphor 1 oz. 

:\ii.x. 

DiKKCTioNs. — When the gum is dissolved put half of the mi.xlure into one ear of 
the animal and as soon as it has done siiorting and blowing, put the other half into the 
other ear. Once, cures every time. < »r use 

No. 7 Old Treatment of Hollow Horn. 

"The old tivatment was to i)ore into the horn with a gimlet and inject vinegar, 
pepper, salt and water: and after this was injected into the horn, a couple of pieces of 
fat. salt pork, the size of one's I wo forefingers, with a teaspoonful of cayenne* |)ut in a 



— oo — 

slit in each slice, was placed between the animal's grinders, and the head elevated until 
it chewed and swallowed them, and next day i-epeat without the pepper if dumpishness 
is still manifested." 

No. 8— To Cure Fleshy Tumors Upon Cows and Calves. 

i^)in, iodide of niercnry 1 dr. 

Cosmoline or vaseline 2 ozs. 

Thoroughly mixed and wdl rulibed upon the tumors. 

No. 9 -Hoven or Bloat in Stock— Prevention and Cure. 

0. J. L. of Modest Town (a very appropriate name for a place where the men are 
so modest they dare not give their name when reporting for an agricultural paper on 
the above disease), Va., made a report of the death of a cow and calf to one of the farm 
papers, I think the F(inn. a lul Fireside, to which the veterinary surgeon, A. T. Wilson, 
made the following report: "Your cow aiul calf both died from hoven or bloat, a very 
conuuon result of injudiciously turning cattle into a riidi clover patch. To prevent 
bloat, turn them in the pasture for an hour or so every day or week until they get used 
to it. 'i'o cui-e bloat, when seen in time, use two outu^es each of hyposulphite of soda 
and tiiu'ture of ginger added to a ijuart of cold water." 

No. iO — Diarrhoea of Cattle. 
Remeuy. — Three pecks of boiled potatoes, led in the course of the day, in three 
messes, wai'ui, is an excellent remedy for dirrluea in cattle. 

No. 11— Scours in Cattle. 
Remedy. — Mr. .James Door, of Horchester, Mass., recommends fine wheat flour as 
a cure for scours in cattle. He says: "'Take 1 quart of the finest Hour, mix smoothly 
with water, making just thick enough to run, and administer at one dose. A second 
dose ma}' be necessary, but one is generally sufficient for a cure." 

No. 12— Death for Lice on Animals or Plants. 
pour boiling water (1 gal.) on 1 pound of tobacco leaves; in 2i) minutes strain 
and use it judiciously (simply wetting the parts with a s])onge) on animals: on plants 
more extensively. Or, 

No. 13. 

Haw linseed oil 4 oz. 

Kerosene 1 o/. 

Sulphur 1 oz. 

Mix au<l rub on all parts of the aiiimal where lice are found. 

No. 14. Salt as a Vermifuge, its Value for Cattle, Horses, Sheep and Hogs, 

The New ^'ork World, speaking of salt for stock, says: If you want to keep your 
cattle, horses, sheep and hogs healthy, give thiuu salt regularly. There is no better 
vermifuge than salt. Much of the so-called hog-cholera is due to intestinal worms. 
All animals desire salt, showing that it is a want of their nature, and undoul>tedly for 
wise purposes." 

Remarks. — Who can fail to see the value of salt for all stock, and that it should 
be given regularly? 



• — .SC)— 

No. 15.- Cows Accidentally Overeating Meal What to do. 

Wlien a cow has accidentally eaten her hll of meal, do not allow her to drink; 
and as soon as discovered, according to tlie size ol' tlie animal, give a drink of from one 
to two pounds of Epsom salts, dissolved in warm water, and repeat the dose in six 
hours, if it has not operated: in six lioui's more, if it has not vet worked a hole ihroutih, 
repeat half as much more, and so on continue until a movement is obtained. 

No. 16. To Prevent a Cow from Kicking while Milking, 

'I'o a ring or snap in iier nose attach a rope, then tie it to a heam above so as to 
elevate her nose a little. This will give her something else to think of — then, if you are 
gentle, you will have no trouble. 

Calves— Raising by Hand Hay, Tea, Etc., for Them. 

With good pasture for calves to run in, early cut and |)roperly curc(l liay, of 
which ;o make the hay tea; oil-cake or home-ground oat meal, and the milk' of one cow, 
three calves, a/Ver i/te^/ ((re /en (/o?/.s o/'/. have been su<'cessfully kept, and all the cream 
from the cow made into liutter (tftcr the calves were four ireets old. The plan was as 
follows: 

1 )ii;KCTiOi\s. — Boil good Timothy hay, 1 11>. (Iiettei'cut in a cutter, if you have 
one) and boil in watei'. (> (|ts., foi- an hour. keei)ing covered, and make up foi- what nuiy 
evaporate; then strain and let cool. While cooling, stir tiiree table-spoonfuls of oil- 
cake, made line, or |)r('tty Hnely ground meal from oats, into 1 qt. of boiling water, 
slowly, as if making "hasty pudding," and when pro|)erly cooked stir this and the milk 
of the cow. with a very little salt, into the hay tea, ami gi\e e(|ually to the thi'ee 
calves. At the first, fee(l while warm, but after a wi-ek or two it does not matter if 
given cold, but with each two weeks iiicrense the oil-cake, meal or oat-meal, oiu" tal)le- 
sjjoonful for each calf. .And it was claimed that at thi'ee months old. calves raised in 
this way looked as well as those fed on milk entirely. They In-gan to feed on grass at a 
month old, and inci'eased their feeding on grass until they depended upon it almost en- 
tirely Mt three months old. The tritle of salt must not be forgotten: and if they began 
to .•<cour. the milk was boiled and one table-si)oonful of flour stirred in before it was 
added to the tea. i>nt I shcnild stir the th)ur into the milk while scalding. After the 
Hrst week there was no trouble of this kind, unless over-fed. 

indigestion of Calves Remedies For. 

('alvt's that are fed on milk principally, ami carelessly nuinaged, are liable to in- 
digestion: becoming "pot-bellied." dull and thriftless, appetiti? varied, sometimes vora- 
cious, then not caring for their food at all: bowels irregular, or else regularly loose, an<l 
their passage offensive, which, if not soon remedied, the diarrhu-a becomes chronic and 
troublesome to cure, 'fhe trovible is lielieved to arise from accumulation of milk in the 
fourth stomach (which is the one used until tliev begin to ruminate — chew the cud); 
lient-e laxatives are first called for. such as castor-oil or linseed oil. with bi-cai'bonate of 
soda (baking soda) and ginger, and if really scouring, lo or 21) drops of laudanum 
should be added. The dose for a ealf of three months, of castor oil, would be 2 ozs., 
with i oz. each of the soda and pulverized ginger, with the laudanum as above, if scoui-- 
ing. And for a few days, or until the condition is greatly im[)rove(l or liealtli estab- 



lislu'd, i;ive morning and tneiiing, sail, boda and pulverized ginger, A oz. ea(;h, in a 
little milk; or if" tlie calf" is llatulenl (windy), dull and weak, add 1 oz. of sul[)liate of 
'soda (glaulicr salt>), to the salt, soda and ginger, twice daily till corrected. Tlie same 
is good for cows. 

The diet in all cases must l>e carefidly attended to. If un weaned, the calf should 
have its milk fresh and sound thrice (hiily. 

Scours in Cattle, Horses and Calves, and Cholera or Diarrhoea in Persons. 

Lewis lioynton. of F'ai'inington. Bledsoe county, Tenn., in answer to an imiuiry 
al)0ut Seoul's in cattle, in one of the piipers, says: " Frecnicntly a handful of salt will 
relieve cattle and horses of scours. If it does not affor<l relief in twelve liours, I hav(! 
recourse to a remedy for cliolera that never fails : Spirits of c.impl.oi-, tincture of rliul)arb, 
and laudanum. e(jual parts of each. .Mix. Dose — P^)ranadidt, oU drops; for a horse or 
cow, a dessert spoonful; for a calf, 1 teaspoonful. If not relieved in three hours, repeat 
the dose. 

Ki:.M.\HKs. — Foi' a child I would give <S to 10 droj)s, according to age, and repeat 
on persons in half to an hour, if needed, (jive in a little sweetened water to children. 
For stock, in i pt. of water as a drench. It will he found very valuable. 

Foot Rot. 

Wash the foot clean with castile soap antl rain water; then apply an ointment 

made of Lard. i lb. 

Red precipitate 2 ozs. 

.Mix thoroughly ami rub w(dl into the sores. 

Fardel— Constipation. 

The mouth is hot and dry, the eyes wild, appearance hagganl. The dung is 
hard and voided in small ipiantities. (iive a strong dose of epsom salts, dissolved in 
rain water. Follow in an hour with a cooling drink of water, into which put an ounce 
of pure saltpeter, ('ontinue with cooling drinks and bran mashes. 

Garget. 

This disease make^ its appearance in the udder of the cow, at the time of calv- 
ing. The udder is painful, swollen, hard. The milk is thick and drawn with diilicult\ . 
IvK.M.VKKs. — Keduce the cow feed, fvct the calf suck all it will. Wash tin; udder 
with warm water and wi{)e dry. Then take 

Lard ' 1 lb. 

Mercurial ointment 1 oz. 

Melt together and apply as hot as the cow can stand. 

Murrain. 
A dangerous disease, but not often found in the United States. The symptoms 
are "fever, quick pulse, cold horns, swollen eyes. Sometimes there is diarrlnea." 
Separate the sick from the well. Bleed the animal. Give i lb. of epsom salts in soft 
water twice a day for seveial days. When tumors appear anywhere wash them with 
the following solution; 

Sulj)hate of zin(; 4 drs. 

Rainwater 1 pt. 

Nurse the animal carefullv. 



— 3S— 

Mange— Itch in Animals. 

It is produced by a parasitic insect and is (|uite contaiiious. Remove tlie animal 
to new (juarters, wash it tliorouglily with warm water and castile soap. Rub llie sores 
well with an ointment made of 

Sulphur ' lb. 

Mercurial ointment 1 oz. 

Powdered white helebore i oz. 

]\Ii.\' well. Use for hogs also. 

Red Water. 

Cause, damp, wet pasture. Symptoms are purging, followed by constipation, 
great pain; the animal moans, ceases to chew the cud. is feveri.-h and strains in pass- 
ing water. 

IkKMKnv. — Change the pasture. Dissolve lialf a pound of Epsom salts in a [tint 
of boiling water, add -1 ounces ginger, and give as a purgative. Give an injection of 
warm soap suds. 

Chaff— To Remove from the Eye. 

The surest way is to take a silk pocket handkerchief, draw it over the finger, raise 
the lid as much as 3'ou can easily and put the covered finger in and draw out the chafT. 
If your finger is not too large you can pass it round the ball till you get the chaff. Flax 
seed i)Ut in the human eye is good to take out dust or specks. Why not put tlii'ee or 
four into the cow's eye? They will swell and form a mucilage that will pick up the 
chaff", and all will come out together. 

Fetters. 

Good fetters can be made <>f wide bunds of heavy leather, to each of which sew 
on one end two buckles fastened with lighter leather, and on the other end the straps to 
correspond. Tlien connect these bands by a chain (i to S inches long with a swivel in 
it. These can be put on l)ulls that you wish to let lun, but don't wish to copulate with 
the cows or heil'ers. Put them on the fore-legs. Use rams the same way. ^'ou will 
find it l)etter to let the males run than to confine them alone. Put the straps and 
buckles outside of the heavy pieces. The end link of the chain must be made like the 
cock-eve for harness traces. 



HOGS. 

Hog Cholera. 

This disease is not caused l)v any one thing alone, but by a combination of un- 
favorable circumstances. Give your hogs clean quarters, pure water and a shelter from 
the hot sun by day and chilly cold nights; give theni a change of pasture, and feed 
regularly and you will not be troubled with hog cholera. On the other hand give them 
close, wet, muddy, cold (juarters, stagiumt and filthy water to drink, make them root 
over the same old lot from year to year and you will surely reap the penalty. 



—39— 

The hog lot should be changed every year and made into a garden or cornfield, 

and tlu; hogs put in a new lot. No rings should be in their noses, the}' should be free to 

root in the fresh ground. 

No. 1. 

To prevent cholera ()ut into a trough so the hogs can eat freely the following: 

Black antimony powdered i lb. 

Copperas 7 lbs. 

Salt. 1 lb. 

Sulphur '..1 lb. 

Wood ashes 1 pk. 

Mix all thoi'oughlv. This is cheap and effective as a preventive. 

No. 2. 

For a cure use the following: 

Madder : 1 lb. 

Sulphur 1 lb. 

Rosin 1 11). 

Saltpeter 1 lb. 

Black antimon}'^ 1 lb. 

Assafoetida 3 oz. 

Powder and nii.x well, and feed three tablespoonst'ul to eadi five hogs every other 
day, in bran mash with salt added. 

If a hog gets dumpish, lies round, tries to get into the litter or straw of the pen 
he is coming down with the disease. Remove him at once to a dry pen and give liini 
a tablespoonful of the mixture once a day in table slops or a gallon of water. To make 
doulilv sure, take a half pint of soft soap, one tablespoonful of lard and one of pine tar, 
warm and mix well ami drench the hog. If the hog is too large to handle easily tie it 
to a post with a rope round the upj)er Jaw. The best remedies may fail. The State 
Board of Agriculture of Illinois a few years since sent out to the swine breeders of the 
State a series of questions as to the cause and best known remedies for the disease. 

No positive cure was claimed to be known. Prevention by care, removing sick 
ones from the herd, etc., were the leading answers. 

If diarrho'a in the hog sets in, take and steep 2 ozs. of inner bark of white oak, 
mix in two ounces of alum, and give. If it continues obstinate give 1 [)ound of lard, 
melted, with tablespoonful of turpentine. 

Charcoal, soft (mineral) coal, or properly and tlioroughl}' burned corn are almost 
absolutely necessary' for hogs while i)eing fattened. 

Avoid a too sudden change from a half starved condition lo one of higii feed. 

Sows Eating their Pigs— To Prevent and Cure the Habit -No 1. 

To i)revent it, keep a trough of the following mixture where all the hogs can have 
access to it: Wood ashes, salt, sulphur, powdered charcoal, in aboutequal imlk, mixed, 
and see especially that sows [)artake of it about this period; then if they commence the 
eating their young, give them half as much more as long as the}' will eat it, and see 
also that they have frequent tastes of this preventive mixture. 

No. 2.— To Cure the Habit. 

A little salt daily and a handful of charcoal to each hog once a week, it is 
claimed , will prevent cholera and other diseases; then, if the above mixture. No. 1, is 



40— 

kept where all liogs can eat of it at pleasure, the author will guarantee it preferahle to 
the salt or charcoal alone. Still, if cholera was prevailing in a neighhorhood, he would 
advise some of the [)reventives found under that head, having antimony, saltpeter, etc.. 
with the salt and charcoal. Kee]) on the safe side, is a good motto to go hy. And it is 
hy thus satisfying the natural desii-e for what their systems need, that a ravenous taste 
is prevented, that of eating their pigs. 

Scurvy Pigs— Simple Remedy. 

Wash the scurvy hair and all parts troubled with the scurf thoroughly e\ ery day 
for a few times with buttermilk. A farmer who has tried this sc many times as to In- 
sure of his position, says: "It will entirely and speedily remove scurf." 

Lice on Hogs— Easy Remedy. 

"Carbolic acid, 1 o/.., to water, iHo/.s., makes a wash that destroys the lice with- 
out injury to the hog." Then it would on other animals. ;is cattle, cats, dogs, fowls, etc. 

Kidney-Worm in Hogs, and ''Fluke'' in Sheep Remedy For. 

'i'he Ixiiral AldJximian asserts that kidiu'V-w(uin in hogs, and the tluke-worms 
that infest the livers of sheep are identically the same. A i)arasitic insect — an insect 
drawing its whole support from another animal, as lice upon an animal, or worms in 
them — and the editor claims also "that lye made from hard-wood ashes, if given daih", 
will work a cure; also rubbing turpentine upon the loins." 

Kkm.vuks. — "There is nothing said as to the amount to be given, l»ut we should 
say, if the lye is pretty strong, two or three table-spoonfuls in snuiU amount of slop, two 
or three times daily, would be plenty. Of course it could not be given without diluting, 
else it would destroy the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, etc., as cows have 
been killed by drinking lye Irft where they could get it. But why not salt and ashes 
mixed, in place of the salt and chaicoal mentioned Just above? If thev will take 
enough of it. it will do as well, without a doubt, and 1 have no doubt of their \alue in 
such cases. " 

Catarrh. 

Intlammatinu ol' mucous lining of the nose. If att'iided in time can be easily 
cured. Plac-e the animal in a clean, warm sty. Feed sparingly on light slops and bran 
mash. No com. 

Mange Itch. 

See under Cattle, the recipe lor. 



SHEEP. 

The sheep is tin- most profitable animal you can have on the farm, especially if 
the land is poor or worn out. "Some farmers of our ac(|uaintance." says tlie Americav 
Agriculturist, "feel an anti])athy to sheep for the reason that they "bite close." We 
consider this their chief recommendation. They can only bite where the pasture is 
short, only on a poor farm. A poor farm will necessarily be encumbered with briars, 
weeds, and brush in the fence corners. Under such circumstances we should sav to a 



—41 — 

farmer who has $20*()r upwards in casli, or credit for i(, h't him horrow the amount if 
he has to pa}' .1 percent, a month for tlie use of it; invest it in a.s many ewes, not older 
than three years, as you can get for tlie money. I'ut tiicm in such a field as we have 
described, and yivc them, in addition to what tliey can |)ick uj), a pint of wheat-iiran 
and oat-meal (hiily, with free access to water aii<l salt. fhey will first go foi' the hrii-.rs 
and clean them out; every portion of that tield will be trodden over and over again, 
and the weeds will have no chance. Fold them on the Held during wintei-. and carry 
them feed sufficient to keep them thriving. (iet th6 use of a good buck in season — 
Southdown would be pieferablc — and in the spring, if you have- luck, th.it means if vou 
give them proper attention and feed I'egularly, you will raise more lambs than vou have 
ewes. The money will l)e more than doubled, and the wool and manure will pay for 
their feed and interest. In the spring you may put that lieid in corn, with the certainty 
of getting 50 per cent, inci-ease of crop. 

Remarks. — The authoi- considers this perfectly sound advice to any farmer under 
the circumstances, and sound advice to every farmer who iias not already got shee[> 
on his farm, to obtain a few as soon as possible; for he will undoubtedly find them 
the most proHtable, for the amount invested in them, of anything on the place. 

A Few Short Rules for the Care of. 

'[^he A'))ienc<i7i Kni'Kjrinit Coinpajii/' s Circular says; 

I. Keep sheep dry under foot with litter. This is even more important than 
roofing them. But never let them stand or lie in (he mud or snow. 

2. Drop or take out the lowest l)ars as sheep enter oi- leave a yard, thus saving 
broken limbs. 

3. Begin graining with the greatest care, and use the smallest quantity first. 

4. If a ewe loses her lamb, milk her daily for a few days, and mix a little alum 
with her salt. 

o. Give the lambs a little mill feed at time of weaning. 
0. Never frighten the sheep if it is possible to avoid it. 

7. Sow rye, for weak ones in cold weather, if you can. 

8. Se|)arat(' all weak, or thin, or sick, from those strong, in the f,ill, and give 
them esj)ecial care. 

It. If any sheep is hui't. catch it at once and wash the wound with something 
healing. If a limb is l)roken. lund it with splinters tightly, loosening as the limb 
swells. 

10. Keep a nuini)er of good bells on the sheep. 

II. If one is lame, examine the foot, clean out between the hoofs, pare the hoof 
if unsound, and a|)ply tobacco with blue vitriol boiled in water. 

12. Slu-ar at once any sheep commencing to shed its wool, unless the weather is 
too severe. 

RiOMAUKs — These are e.xcellent rules for the care of sheep, l)ut as they do not 

give the strength of the vitriol wash for the foot, in rule 11. it will be well to use the 

recipe for foot wash in cases needing such treatment. 

Care in Winter. 

The weak ones should be separateil from the strong, and wethers from the ewes; 
and especial care should, be given to ewes that are to drop their lambs early. The 
springing of the udder is an unftxiling sign of approaching parturition. The ewe should 



—4-2— 

then be removed to a separate pen and kept (juiet, but sliould be visited at least every 
three hours, and the last thing at night. It is rarely that any help is needed, except in 
very cold weather, to wrap a piece of soft blanket about the lamb, and to help it. p,s 
soon as possible, to get its meal from its mother, when it will be all right, and the ewe 
may be left for a few lioui's. 

11' apples are al)Uiidant in winter, a feed once or twice a week may be given to 
sheep; or in their absence, a feed of turnips or other roots, cabbage, etc., may be given 
them as often as necessary to avoid costiveness. or stretches, says a writer. ,in ailment 
common to sheep in this country, but unknown in (Jreat Britain, wliere turnips are fed 
daily. Sheep feel the changes from the green pastures to the dry feed of winter as 
quickiv. if not more so. than other of our domestic animals. 

Care What it Will Do. 
"f'are will make carcass; care will make constitution; care will save fcxlder: care 
will ward off disease; care will make fat. and fat will make wool and grease, and grease 
will make money, and that is wliat we are after. Yes, care will do one other thing, care 
will make blood. 

Sheep vs. Dogs— How to Give the Advantage to the Sheep. 

A remedy for sheep-killing dogs is given by a corres])ondent of the Prairie 
Farmer, which is better than legal enactments, as the case is settled without complaints, 
without lawyers, judge or jury. lie says: "1 have kept a flock of sheep for several 
vears, varying from lUO to 2,000 head, and for the last eight years have not lost a sheep 
killed by dogs. I k<'ep my slierp yarded nights, and occasionally, varying from once 
in two weeks to once a month, 1 go out at bedtime and place around the outside of the 
pen bits of meat containing strychnine, which 1 take up again eai'ly in the murning if 
not eaten during the night, Kesult, innnunity from dogs, and an old well on the farm 
has received a layer of dogs and a layer of dirt until it is about full. 1 have never 
killed a man's dog through ma'ice. or anywhere exce[)t on my |>remisesand in protection 
of my own property, and have not in my knowledge, received any injury in retaliation 
for the death of a (h)g. The j)lan is just and right, and every fair-minded nnm must 
acknowledge it,'" 

Rem.vkks. — The author can st'C tmly i>ue ])oini in this plan which may be wrong. 
It is in this, that he put out his strychnine meat only once or twice a UKtuth, whereas 
I should think twice a week wouM be l)etter if there were many dogs about. 

Foot Rot in Sheep— Successful Remedy -No. I. 

Stdphurie acid 2 ozs. 

Water. ] oz. 

Mix and put two old copj)er cents into the mixture and when they are dissolved 
by the acid it is ready tor use. 

DiRKcTioxs — Remove all the rotten and decaying i)arts of the hoof with a knife, 
one such as the blacksmiths use in shoeing horses is the Iiest. .\void if possible any 
bleeding; then apply the mixture thoroughly to every part which was diseased. Once 
will generally be sufficient; ImU if there is any disease between the hoofs clean out all 
you can with a knife and then draw through a piece of soft cord wet with the mixture, 
make thorough work to prevent its spreading. After the disease is killed apply pine 



tar over the affected part to protect the foot from dampness and to help hoM the acid 
mi K lure. 

No. 2. 
Carl)olic acid crystals, 1 oz.. water enough to dissolve it. Then put in a ijiece of 
copper, or an old copper cent, and let it stand until the acid stops acting on it. He sure 
not to apply till the action has ceased. Then clean the hoof and apply as No. 1. 

Preventive of Foot Rot in Sheep. 

A Mr. Karkeek, who is clainuMl to he authority, writes to one of the agricult ui'al 
papers that when the j)revalence of wet weather makes it prohahle that foot rot may set 
in, "it is easily prevented hy carting a quantity of earth and throwing it up in the form 
of a mound "in the centei- of tlie yard attached to the shed, and upon this mound strew 
small (juantities of slacked lime." 

Rem.\];ks. — This confirms the general idea that foot rot is hrought on hy external 
causes rather than internal, and hence the idea given is the "Short Rules for the Care 
of Sheep," and that is: "Keep sheep dry under foot with litter," etc. Sheep dearly 
love rolling or even hilly land, and cannot he well kept on low, wet grounds, and 
especially so if there are no knolls or elevated dry grounds upon which they can gather 
themselves to rest and sleep, and hence the advantage of the mound in the yard, or 
litter to k^ep their feet dry in winter. It is well also to keep a mixture of salt and sul- 
phur where the sheep can reach it and take all the}' want. Use twice as much salt as 
sulphur. 

Sheep Ticks— Dip and Other Remedies For. 

It is important, soon after shearing sheep, to see that the larnhs especially, are 
freed from these pests; for after shearing, to get away from the light and the exposures 
of the cold, when the old sheep have parted witli their covering, the ticks will escape to 
the lamhs, often ti) such an extent as to stunt their growth, reduce them in flesh, and 
seriouslv weaken them Ity the loss of hlood; when otherwise they would he in their hest 
condition. The Hearth and Home gives us the usual sti'ength of the dip necessary to 
free them wIkmi numerous, as follows: "Cheap plug tohacco, ."> llis., hroken up and 
hoiled in two i)ails of water; then ;^0 gallons added, will luake dip enough for 100 lanihs 
or 50 sheep. After di|)ping keep them dry a day or two." 

Todi]) them have a water-tight hox large enough to hold a lamii or a sheep, if 
any are to he dipped, so as to entirely cover them with the dip. Arrange a sloping 
tahle at the side of the hox which will allow all the li(|uid to run hack into it. Then 
take a lamh by the forelegs with one hand, with the other cover v\p the mouth and nos- 
trils let an assistant take the hind legs, and immerse the lamb entirely, long enougli 
to allow the dip to pentrate the wool, lay the lamb on the sloping tal)le and squeeze out 
the surjilus li(iuid, av.d the operation is com|>lete. If this is done every year, it is 
claimed that ticks will soon disappear altogether; but it strikes the author that ticks are 
as natural to sheep as lice are to hairy animals, and that they must be destroyed when- 
ever ihey appear. If fowls are permitted access to the sheep yards they will eagerly 
search for ticks and pick them out of the wool, but we would rather trust to the more 
effectual process of dipping. Not long after this process of dipping, a careful examina- 



—44 — 

tion of the lambs should bn made, and if there is oi)ly occasionally a tick seen every one 
of them must be snipped with a pair of scissors, but if very many are left from a want 
of l)roper penetration of the dip into the wool, it must be repeated, to make a thorough 
destruction of them, to eradicate them from the flock, before cold weather sets in. 

Scab in Sheep— Successful Remedy. 

Take: (Quicksilver. 1 II). 

Venice tur[)entine j ll>. 

Spirits of 'rur])cntinc. '1 ozs. 

Melted Lard 4* lbs. 

I)ii!i:( Tio.Ns. — Work the first articles together thoroughly in a mortar: tiicn mix 
into the wai-in lard and stir until cold. Apply to all scabs, and all places indicating 
the disease — at shearing, or whenever any indications appear — use a swab or sponge in 
apjilying, rubbing carefully when the skin demands it. 

Rf.m.vkks. — A farmer of ()lney, Oregon, who has used it ten years, says: "'It 
saves wool and sheep." There is not a doul)t of the success of this ointment tor scab 
in sheep, and I have no doul>t either, but that it will cure all eruptive skin diseases of 
per.sons. If less in amount is needed, keep the same proportions. Let it be applied in 
fine weather, else kee]) the sheep under sheds Un- a few days, lest cold, drenching rains 
might cause irritation from the tpiicksil ver. wiiicli is men-ury. (See scab remedies also 
for other animals. See Sul[)hur and Salt. N'aluable tor Sheep, above.) It is also 
claime<l that sulphur, moistened with spii-its of turpentine, and rul>bed into the .sores, 
will cure it. I am. then, of the o|)inion that it is caused by an itch mile, the same as 
itch on persons, which sulphur wiil kill: then why not cure scab, which is an itch, on 
sheep, dogs, and all other animals. 

Sheep Marking Ink. 

Linseed Oil 1 pt. 

Litharge 2 ozs. 

Lampblack . 1 oz 

I')oil together, and it isreaily to use: anil it will not crisp or injure the wool. 

Sheep -Wash to Prevent Them from Barking Fruit Trees. 

The following wash is recommended as a sure preventive of sheep barking fruit 
trees: "Take soap, the dirtier and stronger the better, and make very strong suds; dis- 
solve \ lb. whale oil soap in every six gallons, and into this stir, with brush or old stul> 
of broom, sheep manuie until it is as thick as good whitewash, and witii this mi.xture 
wash the. trees as high as the shee[) can reach. It will be found that no sheep will come 
near enough to rub against them for at least two months, the time depending much on 
the amount of rain. Keep thn mi.xture handy, and i-epeat the application as often as 
rlece^sary — twice in a sununer will suffice. Sheep running among fruit ti'ees should 
have plenty of good fresh water; it is thirst that first induces them to gnaw the bark, 
but after they have once got a taste, they eat because they like it. The above mixture 
will effectually keep them away, and, l)esi(les. it is a very good application for the 
health of the trees, keeiiim: the bark smooth and fine and killing any insects that come 
in contact with it."' 



—Jo- 
Sheep Breeding. 

Never use a lower l)ree(l of hiuik on a higher grade of ewe. If you do you raise 
only the lower grade of sheep and the ewe will never thereafter breed anything but the 
lower grade. 

Scours in Sheep. 

Mix 2 ozs. of linu' water with 4 ozs. of raw linseed oil, and give when disease Hrst 
appears. Give half a gill of ginger tea every four hours. F>'ed on gruel made of corn 
meal and Hour, and put ginger in it. If dysentery intervenes give a teas|)oonfnl of 
charcoal. 

Loss of Appetite. 

If a shec[) loses its appetite give (iuunoiuile Tea. 

Stretches, or Constipation. 

Ciive a porridge made of shorts. Feed on chopped roots. Let the shee|) have 
exercise and good air. 



POULTRY. 



The hen is the most pi-otitable thing you van have on your farm, and yet she is 
generally left to shift lor herself. She should have her feed and water as regularly as 
the horse and cow, and lu'i' house shouhl be kept as clean. .\s a ruhi the hen house is 
left from week to week or month to month without cleaning. Of course she gets lou.sy, 
or worse, gets the choh-ra 

To clean them and their housr of lice follow these directions; 

"Take out of the house every perch, nest-box, or movable thing; remove all bat- 
tens, cleats, or anything whereby a crevice is made, so that the inside is smooth. Then 
make a whitewash of fresh lime, into which put two ounces of carbolic acid to a pailfuT. 
Wash the house thoroughly with this on the inside. Then wash the outside. Then 
smear the perches with a mi.vture of lard and kerosene, putting it on thick, so that 
when the fowls roost they will get some of it on their leathers. Also put some of it on 
each fowl, under the wings. This will clear the house, and the hens will clear them- 
selves, if no recruits are furnished from the house. 

"In a month, or less, if there is occasion, wash the house again, and grease the 
roosts; take care to till all the holes and cracks in the poles. It would be well to pass 
the poles through a tire ma<le of straw, exposing them to the flame, before greasing 
them."' 

Dust-Baths Necessary for Poultry to Keep them Free from Lice. 

I'nlessyou have a tire-i)lace in your poultry house, take dry, line sand, or dr}' 
dust from the road, twenty measures (the size to l)e governed by the number of hens to 
be prt)vided for): wood ashes, live measures; and sulphur, one measure, and 
mix well together and place in large, shallow boxes, or in one corner of the 
poultry bouse: at all events, sheltereil from rain and snow. They delight to bathe and 



< 



—u 



dust themselves in tliis, as much as boys dcliiiht to bathe aud frolic in the creeks of a 
summer day; besides, it keeps the lice from troubling the poultry if the house and 
perches are kept free from them by washes and fumigation. 

Water, Clean and Pure— Its Importance Daily for Poultry. 

A writer in the Fancier's JonrnnI heWeves iUai cholei'a will seldom troul)K' poul- 
tiv if tlu'V have a daily supply of pure water, and that "the omission to furnish it is 
one of the worst forms of cruelty to animals. ■■ Another writer sa^ys: "Poultry should 
be as regularly watered as horses, cattle or any of the domestic animals." These state- 
ments, from those in the business, should be taken as a "word for the wise," which is 
sufficient. 

I'Mne gravel, unless they have easy and near access to it, should always l)e kept 
where the poultry can scratch and pick it over, as they will do daily, and eat it in con- 
sideral)le (juantities as an aid in cutting their food in the gizzard. 

Charcoal, broken linely, should also always be given them once or twice a week 

at all times of the year. 

Good Food for Hens. 

C'orn meal, oat meal and middlings, each 10 lbs. 

Bran 2i lbs. 

l>one meal 1 oz. 

Pepper (red ground) i oz. 

Mi.\ evenlv. Now take as much as necessary of this mi.xtureand make stiff" batter 
with boiling water and a little salt. Put in a pan and iiake well, ('rumiile and ft-ed. 
Of course you can" feed the mi.xture dry. Imt tlieliaking will pay. Use milk or cheap 
soup from scraps of meat or fresh bones to mi,\ with, if you can afford it. 

(tive vour hens access to lime. (Jive charcoal of the size of |)eas once a week, or 
burned corn: don't forget the gravel. Chop meat once a week and feed. It induces 
laving: so will boiled wheat, oats and barley, or buckwheat. Don'l feed more at a time 
than they eat up clean. 

To crowd on your ycning chicks for early market Iced them by lamp light the last 
thing l)etore you go to bed. 

Feed for Young Chicks. 

When they are \'2. hours old give stale l)read with milk, or boil an egg har<l and 
chop it tine. When they are a day old add to this food curdled milk, scatter a few 
crumbs of bread ci'ust on it so they will peck it. .\t a week old give boiled potatoes, 
boiled oatmeal, mi.xed with a little bran, boiled rice, etc. (rive no corn meal until 
three weeks old: when you do, cook it. When big enough, give (:;r«r/-<?d corn, wheat, 
and ground oats; season theii' food slightly with salt and pepper. 

I'eed what they will eat up clean. Don't feed the young chicks on sour refuse 
stuf!': give clean food. Fresh bones burned white and pounded fine and mixed with 
their feed twice a week, is good. Perhaps you can buy the meal and save the labor of 
burning and ])ounding. 

Mites, or Lice, on Chicks To Prevent. 

To Prkvent. — Set your hen in a clean, whitewashed bo.\ with new hay or straw. 
Sprinkle in some common smoking toliacco or a teaspoonful of sulphur. See that your 



( ■ 



lieii is clean; anoint Iilt uikKt the \vini;s and back of the ears with fresh hird, and wlien 

tlie cliicks liatched antl are ready to move, give a new clean nest, made the same way; 

give a clean dust hath, and a dry coop; don't make the hen cover them on the daiu]) 

ground at night. If you fear they will get mites or lice take an ounce of vaseline and 

mix with it well 20 drops ot carbolic acid, and put a little back of their ears and under 

their wings. 

White Comb. 

Appears as small white spots on the sides of the comb of the cock. If examined 
the he.id looks as though sprinkled with meal. Cure: 

Cocoanut oil 2 ozs. 

Tumerick. powdered i o/.. 

Make an ointnuMit and apply foui- or five times. 

Chicken Cholera Successful Remedies. 

It has l)ecome a well-settled fact that if chickens have warm an<l drv, Init well 
venlillated houses, of a size to correspond with the number ke|)t, with their dust-baths, 
are properly fed, and have free access to pure watei' daily, with ordinary care, they will 
hardly ever have cholera or other diseases. Then, if it begins, see in which of these 
points you have failed, and correct it at once. And • 

No. 1. 

It has always iieen found that onions chojiped and put into the food once a day 
for several days, then once a week, and also ground ginger, a little (I should say as 
freely as they wi>uld eat it) in their meal at theii- iie.xt feeding, every day or two will 
cure cholera; then 1 claim they — the onions and ginger — will prevent it, if fed occa- 
sionally, when it is known to be pi-evalent in a neighborhood. A writer says: "Raw 
onic^ns and a very little ginger against the world for curing cholera, if the disease has 
iu)t been allowed to run too far." and adds, ''too mftch whole corn we have found in- 
jurious; it should be in meal, and onhj giren once in three or four days in hoi ivcdlher.'^ 

No. 2. 

(Common red pepper, or cayenne pepper, one teaspoonlnl in a (juart of milk, or a 
f(uart of meal, says .Mrs. .1. K. Duvall of .lanu-stown, I'a.. "is the way I cui-ed mine." 
I know the ca^'enne inid the ginger are both valuable in cholera, or looseness of the 
bowels, of persons, why not with these smaller animals? It niust so prove. A poultrv 
fancier (one who has a special liking for raising poultry) "cures chicken cholera bv 
feeding, every other day foi" two weeks, bian mash, in which he puts a liberal dose of 
common red pepper." One old biddy, he says, "was determined to die, crouched in an 
out-of-the-way spot, l)ut I sought her out, gave her a whole pepper in doses one hour a 
])art, kept her in a warm place, and she, in a few days, gave me notice .she could take 
care of herself." 

No. 3. 

"Iloii's lard," another one claims, "cold, in doses of one level tablespoonful to a 
fowl, and if not better, repeated m twenty-four hours, is a tried and true remedy, and 
will cure if anvthiuij; in creation will cuie." 



— 48— 

No. 4. 
Alum and copperas is; now claimed to be a well tested remedy for chicken cholera, 
<Tiven in the following manner: At the first symptoms (dropping and looseness) "dis- 
solve one teaspoonful of each, for each gallon of drinking water, and at the same time 
give daily, in the soft feed, a iittle shar[) sand at the rate of one teaspoonful to each fowl. 
In severe cases give at once, liy hand, mixecfin a little dough, a piece of alum and cop- 
peras, each the size of a pea. and also mix a teaspoonful of sand with a little meal and 
water, for the fowl. Continue the medicated water and sanded feed until all signs of 
the disease disappear." 

No. 5. 

Lard melted 1 pt. 

Tur[)entine 1 '>z. 

Dough (flour). 1 pt. 

Mix and feed to one dozen chickens twice a day. 

Gapes in Poultry— Cause and Successful Remedies. 

Omsk. — "Althougii this di.-^ease is helievetl to he contagious and e|)idemic, i. e., 
one catches it from another, and it is liable to atl'ect a whole neighborhood, yet it 
is claimed to originate from foul water, exposure to wet. and a want of nourishing food. 
Then look out that none of these are alhnvcil. and avoid gapes. The gapes are caused 
bv fine red worms or maggots in the heart and trachea, or wind pipe, which makes them 
gape, or perhaps, more correctly speaking, to gasp for breath.'" 

No. 1. 

Rkmkdiks. — Camphor spirits. 1 or '2 teaspoonsful to 1 qt. of their drinking water 

at the commencement may prove all that is neeiled: but if any become bad, a bit of 

camphor gum the size of a grain of wheat, for a chick, ami of a small pea for an older 

fowl, put into the throat and retained there until swallowed, is claimed to be a "sure 

cure;" but a teaspoonful of camphor spirits should also be put into each quart of their 

drinking water. 

No. 2— For Gapes. 

ToB.\cro. — .^moking them l>y putting the lot into a box or l)oxes. with a pan of live 
coals in it, upon which sprinkle fine cut t(>l)acco. covering up the box and smoking them 
till drunk, ."^ays H. L. .-^cott in the HInde. "I will warrant every chicken." 

No. 3. 

Salt butter has cured bad cases; given in the morning while they are hungry 
they will eat readily. If too sick to eat put some down the first time, the next morn- 
ing they will eat it of themselves. (living two or three times will generally be sufficient. 
This, with pepper, is reciMumended below. 

No. 4. 
Bl.\ck Pepper — \ Mrs. M. 1). lUish ol Saline, Mich., informs the Detroit Post and 
Tribune: "Obtaining the grain [>epper and grin<ling it, one teas[)Oonful is mixed in a 
half teaspoonful of Indian meal with a little water. Open the chicken's mouth, drop in 
one pill of it per day till cured. One dose -ually cure them if given when first 

taken. 



— 4'.)— 

No. 5. 

Take a small goose quill and strip off feathers to within a half inch of the end. 
Dip in turpentine and pass carefull}' down into the windpipe which is easily seen at the 
base of the tongue. Give one or two quick turns and remove at once. It kills the 
worms and the f(nvl coughs them u]). To prevent, give wheat soaked in turpentine. 

Pip. 

Sv.MPTOMS. — Tongue is coated with a dr}', horny scale, beak is yellow at base, 
feathers rufHed, no appetite, and more or less fever. 

Ci'RK. — Apply to the tongue with a brush or small sponge, a little borax dissolved 
in water with a litle tincture of myrrh added. 

Roup — Cure with Aconite. 

The Canada Poultry Chronicle says: "When the fowl is attacked witli the char- 
acteristic cough of this malady, or has tenacious mucus about the beak with difficulty 
of breathing, I place it in a wicker coop, in a (juiet shed, and [>ul liefore it a drinking 
fountain containing about a gill (4 ozs.) of water with whicii I have mixed one drop of 
tincture of aconite. In every instance during three years, lliis treatment has had an 
effect almost marvelous, f )r upon visiting the patient an hour or two afterwards, I have 
found that the sym})toins had vanished. The attack Cora day or two is liable to return, 
yet each time in a lighter form, but continuing the aconite water has in no instance 
with us failed to com[)lete!y remove the ailment in about forty-eight hours." 

Kkm.vrks. — If so bad when found, that they will not drink, pour a teaspoonful 
of the aconite water down the throat occasionally, once in an houi' or two, until they 
can drink it. 

Scaly Legs of Poultry. 

Mix equal parts of lard and kei'osine oil into a paste, with sulphur, and i-ul) upon 
the legs daily until tlie scabs come off, then rub on a little sweet oil or a little lard or 
fresh butter. 

Egg-Eating Hens— Simple but Certain Remedy For. 

Make an opening into the large end of an e<^2. and let out the contents, beat it up 
and mix into it enough mustard to re-fill it, and paste on a bit of cloth to keep it in; 
then place it where the egg-eaters can see and get at it. It is too much for them. And 
as they take it for granted that all the eggs are alike, they give up the hai)it. 1 cannot 
5-ee why it would not be as good for egg-eating dogs as for hens. 

Eggs— To Keep. 

The general principle is to exclude the air, to put in a cool place and in dry mate- 
rial. Start with sound eggs only. Deca^y once begun be it ever so .slight keeps on. 
All the following are good: 

No. I. 

Grease the eggs well in fresh salt l)ulter and pack in very dry bran, in layers, 
with the small end down. Heat your bran in the oven. Any oil will do, but salt but- 



— 



ter, if fresh, is better, and it takes Init a little. The eggs, if in a cool place, will keep 
eight months. You may use salt in place of bran, and they will keep seven months. 
The salt can be fed to stock afterward, so it won't be wasted. 

No. 2. 

Beat up till' whites of fresh eggs with a little salt. Paint the eggs with tiiis mus- 
cilage and pack in drv bran: put away in a cool place, and six months after thev will 
be e(jual to fresh. 

No. 3. 

P>oiling water. 12 (|ts. 

Freshly slacked lime 1 pt. 

Salt 1 i)t. 

Mi.\ well. Let stand for three days in a cool place. Fill your keg or barrel half 
full with fluid of this strength. Then put your eggs down in it. It is said they will 
keep two years. 

No. 4. 

Tack in finely ])owdered, very dry. gypsum (Plaster of Paris) as in No. 1. 

Poultry The average of Different Breeds as Layers. 

Tabi.k, with rkm.vrks ri'ON, Best Sicttkijs, Motiikks. Wintku Pavkks, v.rc. — E.xper- 
iments have shown the following to be about the average laying capacity of the did'cnnt 
breeds, yearly, and the weight of eggs to the pound: 

ni<F,F,l) N.. Er.iis Per I.n Ni. I>i;k Ykak 

Liglit Brahmas and Patridge Cocliins 7 1.30 

Dark Brahmas x 130 

Black. White and BuHTochins. 7 115 

Plymouth Rocks S 150 • 

Houdans S 150 

La Fleche 7 150 

Creve Coeurs (S 140 

Black Spanish 7 140 

Leghorns. . <S 160 

Hamburghs 150 

Polish. 125 

Dominiques H 135 

Games 130 

Bantams jC. 90 

To Prevent Your Hens from Getting Bumble Feet. 

Let their roosts be made of slats 2 or 2i im-hes wide, and l)e not over three feet 
high in front and rise with each perch gradually back. Keep them out of the cold and 
freezing wet ground. 



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